durven
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch durven. This verb originated from two Middle Dutch verbs:
- durven (“to need”), from Old Dutch thurvan, from Proto-West Germanic *þurban, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.
- durren (“to dare”), from Old Dutch durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdʏrvə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: dur‧ven
- Rhymes: -ʏrvən
Verb
durven
- (transitive) to dare (do), to not be afraid (to do)
- Ik durf dat niet.
- I dare not do that.
- (auxiliary, usually with te) to dare (to), to not be afraid to
- Hij durfde de stap naar een autonoom natuurrecht nog niet te zetten, omdat zoiets zou kunnen impliceren dat God niet zou bestaan.
- He dared not take the step towards an autonomous natural law, because by so doing it could imply that God would not exist.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of durven (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | durven | |||
| past singular | durfde | |||
| past participle | gedurfd | |||
| infinitive | durven | |||
| gerund | durven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | durf | durfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | durft, durf2 | durfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | durft | durfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | durft | durfde | ||
| 3rd person singular | durft | durfde | ||
| plural | durven | durfden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | durve | durfde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | durven | durfden | ||
| imperative sing. | durf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | durft | |||
| participles | durvend | gedurfd | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
| Conjugation of durven (preterite-present) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | durven | |||
| past singular | dorst | |||
| past participle | gedurfd | |||
| infinitive | durven | |||
| gerund | durven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | durf | dorst | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | durft, durf2 | dorst | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | durft | dorst | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | durft | dorst | ||
| 3rd person singular | durft | dorst | ||
| plural | durven | dorsten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | durve | dorste | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | durven | dorsten | ||
| imperative sing. | durf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | durft | |||
| participles | durvend | gedurfd | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
- Note: The irregular past tense dorst(en) is archaic.[1]
- Note: The past tense dierf/dierven is common in speech, but proscribed[1]