dwyn

Welsh

Alternative forms

  • dygyd
  • dygu

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh duyn, from Proto-Celtic *duketi (“to carry”) (compare Cornish don, Breton dougen), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.

Verb

dwyn (first-person singular present dygaf)

  1. to steal
  2. to take
  3. to bring to
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dygaf dygi dwg dygwn dygwch dygant dygir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		dygwn dygit dygai dygem dygech dygent dygid
preterite dygais dygaist dygodd dygasom dygasoch dygasant dygwyd
pluperfect dygaswn dygasit dygasai dygasem dygasech dygasent dygasid, dygesid
present subjunctive dygwyf dygych dygo dygom dygoch dygont dyger
imperative — dwg dyged dygwn dygwch dygent dyger
verbal noun dwyn
verbal adjectives dygedig
dygadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future dyga i,
dygaf i 		dygi di dygith o/e/hi,
dygiff e/hi 		dygwn ni dygwch chi dygan nhw
conditional dygwn i,
dygswn i 		dyget ti,
dygset ti 		dygai fo/fe/hi,
dygsai fo/fe/hi 		dygen ni,
dygsen ni 		dygech chi,
dygsech chi 		dygen nhw,
dygsen nhw
preterite dygais i,
dyges i 		dygaist ti,
dygest ti 		dygodd o/e/hi dygon ni dygoch chi dygon nhw
imperative — dyga — — dygwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Alternative literary forms
  • dug (third-person singular past)
  • dycpwyd, ducpwyd (impersonal past)
  • dyco (third-person singular subjunctive)
  • dygiedig (first verbal adjective)
  • dygiadwy (second verbal adjective)
Derived terms
  • dwyn i ben (“to come to pass; to complete”)
  • dwyn i gof (“to bring to mind, to recall”)
  • dwyn ymaith (“to take away”)
  • dwyn ymlaen (“to bring forth”)
  • dwyn yn ôl (“to bring back”)
  • dygiad (“conveyance, conduct”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of dwyn
radical soft nasal aspirate
dwyn ddwyn nwyn unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Noun

dwyn

  1. soft mutation of twyn

Mutation

Mutated forms of twyn
radical soft nasal aspirate
twyn dwyn nhwyn thwyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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