dzelzs

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelgʰ- (“iron”) (which was apparently borrowed from Asia Minor). Initially the Latvian reflex was dzelzis, which still exists (as a masculine, 2nd declension, usually plural noun) with the meaning “piece(s) of iron”. Cognates include Lithuanian geleži̇̀s, Old Prussian gelso (< *gelzā), Old Church Slavonic желѣзо (želězo), Russian железо (železo), and perhaps Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper, bronze”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [dzɛ̀ls]

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dzelzs f (6th declension)

1. iron (chemical element)

   dzelzs rūda ― iron ore

   dzelzs ieguve ― iron mining

   dzelzs savienojumi ― iron compounds

   dzelzs korozija ― iron corrosion

2. materials containing iron, iron alloys; (used adjectivally) made of such materials

   metināmā dzelzs ― welding iron

   dzelzs vārti, durvis ― iron gate, door

   dzelzs lūžņi ― iron scraps

   izgatavots no dzelzs ― made of iron

   dzelzs laikmets ― the Iron Age

3. (used adjectivally) very strong, resistant (of body, health, etc.); powerful, strong, unassailable (of will, character, etc.)

   dzelzs veselība ― iron health

   dzelzs raksturs ― iron nature, character

   dzelzs griba ― iron will

   dzelzs disciplīna ― iron discipline

   dzelzs loģika ― iron logics

   dzelzs kārtība ― iron order

• dzelži

• tērauds
• čuguns, ķets