ecal

Old Irish

Etymology

From ess- +‎ gal.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈeɡal]

Adjective

ecal (superlative eclam)

  1. fearful, timid

Declension

o/ā-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ecal ecal ecal
vocative ecil*
ecal**
accusative ecal ecil
genitive ecil eclae ecil
dative ecal ecil ecal
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative ecil ecla
vocative eclu
ecla†
accusative eclu
ecla†
genitive ecal
dative eclaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Quotations

  • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29d16
    co mmimmis ecil hi fochidib
    that we would be timid in sufferings

Derived terms

  • eclae
    • Middle Irish: ecla
      • Irish: eagla
      • Manx: aggle
      • Scottish Gaelic: eagal
  • immecal

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of ecal
radical lenition nasalization
ecal
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 ecal n-ecal

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1909) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume I, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 477
  2. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 834, page 507; reprinted 2017

Further reading

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