erde

See also: Appendix:Variations of "erde"

Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /erˈde/ [ʔɛɾˈdɛ]
  • Hyphenation: er‧de

Verb

erdé (causative eyreddé, frequentative eramerdé)

  1. (intransitive) run

Conjugation

    Conjugation of erde (type I verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative erdéh terdéh yerdéh terdéh nerdéh terdeeníh yerdeeníh
N-affirmative erdé terdé yerdé terdé nerdé terdén yerdén
negative máardinniyo máardinnito máardinna máardinna máardinnino máardinniton máardinnon
imperfective V-affirmative ardéh tardéh yardéh tardéh nardéh tardeeníh yardeeníh
N-affirmative ardé tardé yardé tardé nardé tardén yardén
negative máarda mátarda máyarda,
míyarda		 mátarda mánarda mátardan máyardan,
míyardan
prospective V-affirmative ardéliyoh,
ardéyyoh		 ardélitoh,
ardéttoh		 ardéleh ardéleh ardélinoh,
ardénnoh		 ardélitoonuh,
ardéttoonuh		 ardéloonuh
N-affirmative ardéliyo,
ardéyyo		 ardélito,
ardétto		 ardéle ardéle ardélino,
ardénno		 ardéliton,
ardétton		 ardélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative árduh tárduh yárduh tárduh nárduh tardóonuh yardóonuh
N-affirmative árdu tárdu yárdu tárdu nárdu tardón yardón
negative ardé wáyuh ardé wáytuh ardé wáyuh ardé wáytuh ardé wáynuh ardé waytóonuh ardé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative ardénkeh tardénkeh yardénkeh tardénkeh nardénkeh tardeenínkeh yardeenínkeh
N-affirmative ardénke tardénke yardénke tardénke nardénke tardeenínke yardeenínke
negative ardé wáankeh ardé waytánkeh ardé wáankeh ardé waytánkeh ardé waynánkeh ardé waytaanankéh ardé waanánkeh
jussive affirmative árday tárday yárday tárday nárday tardóonay yardóonay
negative ardé wáay ardé wáytay ardé wáay ardé wáytay ardé wáynay ardé waytóonay ardé wóonay
past
conditional 		affirmative ardinniyóy ardinnitóy ardinnáy ardinnáy ardinninóy ardinnitoonúy ardinnoonúy
negative ardé wanniyóy ardé wannitóy ardé wannáy ardé wannáy ardé wanninóy ardé wannitoonúy ardé wannoonúy
present
conditional I 		affirmative erdék terdék yerdék terdék nerdék terdeeník yerdeeník
negative ardé wéek ardé wayték ardé wéek ardé wayték ardé waynék ardé wayteeník ardé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative ardóo nardóo imperative affirmative eréd eréda
negative maardóo manardóo negative máardin máardina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
árdih árdi árduk ardínnuh ardínnuk ardíyya ardinnáanih ardinnáan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II 		affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative ardé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential 		affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative ardé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II 		affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative ardé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional 		affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis ardé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “erde”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

German

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Verb

erde

  1. inflection of erden:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. singular imperative
    3. first/third-person singular subjunctive I

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛrdə/

Noun

erde f

  1. the Earth
  2. soil, ground

Inflection

Weak feminine noun
singular plural
nominative erde —
accusative erde —
genitive erde, erden —
dative erde, erden —

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Dutch: aarde, aard
    • Afrikaans: aarde
    • Negerhollands: aarde, adu, aerde
      • → Virgin Islands Creole: adu, ard (archaic)
    • → Indonesian: arde
  • Limburgish: aerd, aerj

Further reading

  • “erde”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “erde”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle High German

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German ërda, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈɛrdə/

Noun

ërde f

  1. earth

Declension

Declension of ërde (weak feminine)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein diu ërde die ërden
genitive einer dër ërden dër ërden
dative einer dër ërden dën ërden
accusative eine die ërden die ërden
Declension of ërde (strong feminine in -e)
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein diu ërde die ërde
genitive einer dër ërde dër ërden
dative einer dër ërde dën ërden
accusative eine die ërde die ërde

Descendants

References

  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “ërde”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Turkish

Noun

erde

  1. locative singular of er
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