Swahili
Etymology
-funga (“to tie, to fasten”) + -ama.
Verb
-fungama (infinitive kufungama)
- to be bound, to be tied
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -fungama
|
| Positive present
|
-nafungama
|
| Subjunctive
|
-fungame
|
| Negative
|
-fungami
|
| Imperative singular
|
fungama
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
fungama
|
| Plural
|
fungameni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hufungama
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lifungama
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kufungama
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafungama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninafungama/nafungama
|
tunafungama
|
| 2nd person
|
unafungama
|
mnafungama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anafungama
|
wanafungama
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nafungama
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -fungami)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sifungami
|
hatufungami
|
| 2nd person
|
hufungami
|
hamfungami
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hafungami
|
hawafungami
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -fungami
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tafungama
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tafungama
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -fungame)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nifungame
|
tufungame
|
| 2nd person
|
ufungame
|
mfungame
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
afungame
|
wafungame
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -fungame
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sifungame
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngefungama
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singefungama
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalifungama
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalifungama
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afungama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nafungama
|
twafungama
|
| 2nd person
|
wafungama
|
mwafungama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
afungama
|
wafungama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wafungama
|
yafungama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lafungama
|
yafungama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chafungama
|
vyafungama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yafungama
|
zafungama
|
| u(XI)
|
wafungama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwafungama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pafungama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwafungama
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mefungama
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshafungama
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jafungama
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kifungama
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipofungama
|
| Consecutive
|
kafungama / positive subject concord + -kafungama
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kafungame
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -fungama- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-fungamaye
|
-fungamao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-fungamao
|
-fungamayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-fungamalo
|
-fungamayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-fungamacho
|
-fungamavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-fungamayo
|
-fungamazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-fungamao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-fungamako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-fungamapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-fungamamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -fungama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yefungama
|
-ofungama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ofungama
|
-yofungama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lofungama
|
-yofungama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chofungama
|
-vyofungama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yofungama
|
-zofungama
|
| u(XI)
|
-ofungama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kofungama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pofungama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mofungama
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms