Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic غَشَّ (ḡašša).
Pronunciation
Verb
-ghushi (infinitive kughushi)
- to falsify, forge
- Synonym: -akidi
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ghushi
|
| Positive present
|
-naghushi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-ghushi
|
| Negative
|
-ghushi
|
| Imperative singular
|
ghushi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
ghushi
|
| Plural
|
ghushini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hughushi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lighushi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kughushi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naghushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaghushi/naghushi
|
tunaghushi
|
| 2nd person
|
unaghushi
|
mnaghushi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaghushi
|
wanaghushi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naghushi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ghushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sighushi
|
hatughushi
|
| 2nd person
|
hughushi
|
hamghushi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haghushi
|
hawaghushi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ghushi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taghushi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taghushi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ghushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nighushi
|
tughushi
|
| 2nd person
|
ughushi
|
mghushi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aghushi
|
waghushi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ghushi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sighushi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeghushi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeghushi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalighushi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalighushi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aghushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naghushi
|
twaghushi
|
| 2nd person
|
waghushi
|
mwaghushi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aghushi
|
waghushi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waghushi
|
yaghushi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laghushi
|
yaghushi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaghushi
|
vyaghushi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaghushi
|
zaghushi
|
| u(XI)
|
waghushi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaghushi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paghushi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaghushi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meghushi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaghushi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaghushi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kighushi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoghushi
|
| Consecutive
|
kaghushi / positive subject concord + -kaghushi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaghushi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nighushi
|
-tughushi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kughushi
|
-waghushi/-kughushini/-waghushini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mghushi
|
-waghushi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ughushi
|
-ighushi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lighushi
|
-yaghushi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kighushi
|
-vighushi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ighushi
|
-zighushi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ughushi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kughushi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paghushi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mughushi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jighushi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ghushi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-ghushiye
|
-ghushio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ghushio
|
-ghushiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ghushilo
|
-ghushiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-ghushicho
|
-ghushivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ghushiyo
|
-ghushizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-ghushio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-ghushiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ghushipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-ghushimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ghushi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeghushi
|
-oghushi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oghushi
|
-yoghushi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loghushi
|
-yoghushi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choghushi
|
-vyoghushi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoghushi
|
-zoghushi
|
| u(XI)
|
-oghushi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koghushi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poghushi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moghushi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Adjective
ghushi (invariable)
- false (not true)
- fake, counterfeit
- dawa ghushi ― counterfeit medication
Derived terms
- ghashi (“fraud, deception, cheating”)