gian khổ

See also: gian khó

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦.

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˧˨]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˨˩˦]

Noun

gian khổ

  1. hardship; misery; adversity
    kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time

Adjective

gian khổ

  1. hard; difficult; arduous
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