gouger
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɡaʊdʒ.ə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɡaʊd͡ʒ.ɚ/
- Rhymes: -aʊdʒə(ɹ)
Noun
gouger (plural gougers)
Derived terms
French
Etymology
From gouge.
Pronunciation
Verb
gouger
- (transitive) to work (a material) with a gouge
- (transitive) to do (a soldered joint) again to eliminate roughness by deepening it
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written gouge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of gouger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gouger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gougeant /ɡu.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gougé /ɡu.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gouge /ɡuʒ/ |
gouges /ɡuʒ/ |
gouge /ɡuʒ/ |
gougeons /ɡu.ʒɔ̃/ |
gougez /ɡu.ʒe/ |
gougent /ɡuʒ/ |
| imperfect | gougeais /ɡu.ʒɛ/ |
gougeais /ɡu.ʒɛ/ |
gougeait /ɡu.ʒɛ/ |
gougions /ɡu.ʒjɔ̃/ |
gougiez /ɡu.ʒje/ |
gougeaient /ɡu.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gougeai /ɡu.ʒe/ |
gougeas /ɡu.ʒa/ |
gougea /ɡu.ʒa/ |
gougeâmes /ɡu.ʒam/ |
gougeâtes /ɡu.ʒat/ |
gougèrent /ɡu.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | gougerai /ɡuʒ.ʁe/ |
gougeras /ɡuʒ.ʁa/ |
gougera /ɡuʒ.ʁa/ |
gougerons /ɡuʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
gougerez /ɡuʒ.ʁe/ |
gougeront /ɡuʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gougerais /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ |
gougerais /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ |
gougerait /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ |
gougerions /ɡu.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gougeriez /ɡu.ʒə.ʁje/ |
gougeraient /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gouge /ɡuʒ/ |
gouges /ɡuʒ/ |
gouge /ɡuʒ/ |
gougions /ɡu.ʒjɔ̃/ |
gougiez /ɡu.ʒje/ |
gougent /ɡuʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | gougeasse /ɡu.ʒas/ |
gougeasses /ɡu.ʒas/ |
gougeât /ɡu.ʒa/ |
gougeassions /ɡu.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
gougeassiez /ɡu.ʒa.sje/ |
gougeassent /ɡu.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gouge /ɡuʒ/ |
— | gougeons /ɡu.ʒɔ̃/ |
gougez /ɡu.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||