gwansa
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɡwaːnsa/
Verb
-gwansa
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukugwansa | ukungagwansi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | gwansa | -gwanse | ||||
| plural | gwansani | -gwanseni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyagwansa, ngigwansa | engigwansayo, engigwansa | ngigwansa | angigwansi | engingagwansi | ngingagwansi |
| 2nd singular | uyagwansa, ugwansa | ogwansayo, ogwansa | ugwansa | awugwansi | ongagwansi | ungagwansi |
| 1st plural | siyagwansa, sigwansa | esigwansayo, esigwansa | sigwansa | asigwansi | esingagwansi | singagwansi |
| 2nd plural | niyagwansa, nigwansa | enigwansayo, enigwansa | nigwansa | anigwansi | eningagwansi | ningagwansi |
| class 1 | uyagwansa, ugwansa | ogwansayo, ogwansa | egwansa | akagwansi | ongagwansi | engagwansi |
| class 2 | bayagwansa, bagwansa | abagwansayo, abagwansa | begwansa | abagwansi | abangagwansi | bengagwansi |
| class 3 | uyagwansa, ugwansa | ogwansayo, ogwansa | ugwansa | awugwansi | ongagwansi | ungagwansi |
| class 4 | iyagwansa, igwansa | egwansayo, egwansa | igwansa | ayigwansi | engagwansi | ingagwansi |
| class 5 | liyagwansa, ligwansa | eligwansayo, eligwansa | ligwansa | aligwansi | elingagwansi | lingagwansi |
| class 6 | ayagwansa, agwansa | agwansayo, agwansa | egwansa | awagwansi | angagwansi | engagwansi |
| class 7 | siyagwansa, sigwansa | esigwansayo, esigwansa | sigwansa | asigwansi | esingagwansi | singagwansi |
| class 8 | ziyagwansa, zigwansa | ezigwansayo, ezigwansa | zigwansa | azigwansi | ezingagwansi | zingagwansi |
| class 9 | iyagwansa, igwansa | egwansayo, egwansa | igwansa | ayigwansi | engagwansi | ingagwansi |
| class 10 | ziyagwansa, zigwansa | ezigwansayo, ezigwansa | zigwansa | azigwansi | ezingagwansi | zingagwansi |
| class 11 | luyagwansa, lugwansa | olugwansayo, olugwansa | lugwansa | alugwansi | olungagwansi | lungagwansi |
| class 14 | buyagwansa, bugwansa | obugwansayo, obugwansa | bugwansa | abugwansi | obungagwansi | bungagwansi |
| class 15 | kuyagwansa, kugwansa | okugwansayo, okugwansa | kugwansa | akugwansi | okungagwansi | kungagwansi |
| class 17 | kuyagwansa, kugwansa | okugwansayo, okugwansa | kugwansa | akugwansi | okungagwansi | kungagwansi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngigwansile, ngigwansē | engigwansile, engigwansē | ngigwansile, ngigwansē | angigwansanga | engingagwansanga | ngingagwansanga |
| 2nd singular | ugwansile, ugwansē | ogwansile, ogwansē | ugwansile, ugwansē | awugwansanga | ongagwansanga | ungagwansanga |
| 1st plural | sigwansile, sigwansē | esigwansile, esigwansē | sigwansile, sigwansē | asigwansanga | esingagwansanga | singagwansanga |
| 2nd plural | nigwansile, nigwansē | enigwansile, enigwansē | nigwansile, nigwansē | anigwansanga | eningagwansanga | ningagwansanga |
| class 1 | ugwansile, ugwansē | ogwansile, ogwansē | egwansile, egwansē | akagwansanga | ongagwansanga | engagwansanga |
| class 2 | bagwansile, bagwansē | abagwansile, abagwansē | begwansile, begwansē | abagwansanga | abangagwansanga | bengagwansanga |
| class 3 | ugwansile, ugwansē | ogwansile, ogwansē | ugwansile, ugwansē | awugwansanga | ongagwansanga | ungagwansanga |
| class 4 | igwansile, igwansē | egwansile, egwansē | igwansile, igwansē | ayigwansanga | engagwansanga | ingagwansanga |
| class 5 | ligwansile, ligwansē | eligwansile, eligwansē | ligwansile, ligwansē | aligwansanga | elingagwansanga | lingagwansanga |
| class 6 | agwansile, agwansē | agwansile, agwansē | egwansile, egwansē | awagwansanga | angagwansanga | engagwansanga |
| class 7 | sigwansile, sigwansē | esigwansile, esigwansē | sigwansile, sigwansē | asigwansanga | esingagwansanga | singagwansanga |
| class 8 | zigwansile, zigwansē | ezigwansile, ezigwansē | zigwansile, zigwansē | azigwansanga | ezingagwansanga | zingagwansanga |
| class 9 | igwansile, igwansē | egwansile, egwansē | igwansile, igwansē | ayigwansanga | engagwansanga | ingagwansanga |
| class 10 | zigwansile, zigwansē | ezigwansile, ezigwansē | zigwansile, zigwansē | azigwansanga | ezingagwansanga | zingagwansanga |
| class 11 | lugwansile, lugwansē | olugwansile, olugwansē | lugwansile, lugwansē | alugwansanga | olungagwansanga | lungagwansanga |
| class 14 | bugwansile, bugwansē | obugwansile, obugwansē | bugwansile, bugwansē | abugwansanga | obungagwansanga | bungagwansanga |
| class 15 | kugwansile, kugwansē | okugwansile, okugwansē | kugwansile, kugwansē | akugwansanga | okungagwansanga | kungagwansanga |
| class 17 | kugwansile, kugwansē | okugwansile, okugwansē | kugwansile, kugwansē | akugwansanga | okungagwansanga | kungagwansanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāgwansa | engāgwansa | ngāgwansa | angigwansanga | engingagwansanga | ngingagwansanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgwansa | owāgwansa | wāgwansa | awugwansanga | ongagwansanga | ungagwansanga |
| 1st plural | sāgwansa | esāgwansa | sāgwansa | asigwansanga | esingagwansanga | singagwansanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgwansa | enāgwansa | nāgwansa | anigwansanga | eningagwansanga | ningagwansanga |
| class 1 | wāgwansa | owāgwansa | āgwansa | akagwansanga | ongagwansanga | engagwansanga |
| class 2 | bāgwansa | abāgwansa | bāgwansa | abagwansanga | abangagwansanga | bengagwansanga |
| class 3 | wāgwansa | owāgwansa | wāgwansa | awugwansanga | ongagwansanga | ungagwansanga |
| class 4 | yāgwansa | eyāgwansa | yāgwansa | ayigwansanga | engagwansanga | ingagwansanga |
| class 5 | lāgwansa | elāgwansa | lāgwansa | aligwansanga | elingagwansanga | lingagwansanga |
| class 6 | āgwansa | āgwansa | āgwansa | awagwansanga | angagwansanga | engagwansanga |
| class 7 | sāgwansa | esāgwansa | sāgwansa | asigwansanga | esingagwansanga | singagwansanga |
| class 8 | zāgwansa | ezāgwansa | zāgwansa | azigwansanga | ezingagwansanga | zingagwansanga |
| class 9 | yāgwansa | eyāgwansa | yāgwansa | ayigwansanga | engagwansanga | ingagwansanga |
| class 10 | zāgwansa | ezāgwansa | zāgwansa | azigwansanga | ezingagwansanga | zingagwansanga |
| class 11 | lwāgwansa | olwāgwansa | lwāgwansa | alugwansanga | olungagwansanga | lungagwansanga |
| class 14 | bāgwansa | obāgwansa | bāgwansa | abugwansanga | obungagwansanga | bungagwansanga |
| class 15 | kwāgwansa | okwāgwansa | kwāgwansa | akugwansanga | okungagwansanga | kungagwansanga |
| class 17 | kwāgwansa | okwāgwansa | kwāgwansa | akugwansanga | okungagwansanga | kungagwansanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingagwansa | — | ngingagwansa | ngingegwanse | — | ngingegwanse |
| 2nd singular | ungagwansa | — | ungagwansa | ungegwanse | — | ungegwanse |
| 1st plural | singagwansa | — | singagwansa | singegwanse | — | singegwanse |
| 2nd plural | ningagwansa | — | ningagwansa | ningegwanse | — | ningegwanse |
| class 1 | angagwansa | — | engagwansa | angegwanse | — | engegwanse |
| class 2 | bangagwansa | — | bengagwansa | bangegwanse | — | bengegwanse |
| class 3 | ungagwansa | — | ungagwansa | ungegwanse | — | ungegwanse |
| class 4 | ingagwansa | — | ingagwansa | ingegwanse | — | ingegwanse |
| class 5 | lingagwansa | — | lingagwansa | lingegwanse | — | lingegwanse |
| class 6 | angagwansa | — | engagwansa | angegwanse | — | engegwanse |
| class 7 | singagwansa | — | singagwansa | singegwanse | — | singegwanse |
| class 8 | zingagwansa | — | zingagwansa | zingegwanse | — | zingegwanse |
| class 9 | ingagwansa | — | ingagwansa | ingegwanse | — | ingegwanse |
| class 10 | zingagwansa | — | zingagwansa | zingegwanse | — | zingegwanse |
| class 11 | lungagwansa | — | lungagwansa | lungegwanse | — | lungegwanse |
| class 14 | bungagwansa | — | bungagwansa | bungegwanse | — | bungegwanse |
| class 15 | kungagwansa | — | kungagwansa | kungegwanse | — | kungegwanse |
| class 17 | kungagwansa | — | kungagwansa | kungegwanse | — | kungegwanse |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizogwansa | engizogwansa | ngizogwansa | angizugwansa | engingezugwansa | ngingezugwansa |
| 2nd singular | uzogwansa | ozogwansa | uzogwansa | awuzugwansa | ongezugwansa | ungezugwansa |
| 1st plural | sizogwansa | esizogwansa | sizogwansa | asizugwansa | esingezugwansa | singezugwansa |
| 2nd plural | nizogwansa | enizogwansa | nizogwansa | anizugwansa | eningezugwansa | ningezugwansa |
| class 1 | uzogwansa | ozogwansa | ezogwansa | akazugwansa | ongezugwansa | engezugwansa |
| class 2 | bazogwansa | abazogwansa | bezogwansa | abazugwansa | abangezugwansa | bengezugwansa |
| class 3 | uzogwansa | ozogwansa | uzogwansa | awuzugwansa | ongezugwansa | ungezugwansa |
| class 4 | izogwansa | ezogwansa | izogwansa | ayizugwansa | engezugwansa | ingezugwansa |
| class 5 | lizogwansa | elizogwansa | lizogwansa | alizugwansa | elingezugwansa | lingezugwansa |
| class 6 | azogwansa | azogwansa | ezogwansa | awazugwansa | angezugwansa | engezugwansa |
| class 7 | sizogwansa | esizogwansa | sizogwansa | asizugwansa | esingezugwansa | singezugwansa |
| class 8 | zizogwansa | ezizogwansa | zizogwansa | azizugwansa | ezingezugwansa | zingezugwansa |
| class 9 | izogwansa | ezogwansa | izogwansa | ayizugwansa | engezugwansa | ingezugwansa |
| class 10 | zizogwansa | ezizogwansa | zizogwansa | azizugwansa | ezingezugwansa | zingezugwansa |
| class 11 | luzogwansa | oluzogwansa | luzogwansa | aluzugwansa | olungezugwansa | lungezugwansa |
| class 14 | buzogwansa | obuzogwansa | buzogwansa | abuzugwansa | obungezugwansa | bungezugwansa |
| class 15 | kuzogwansa | okuzogwansa | kuzogwansa | akuzugwansa | okungezugwansa | kungezugwansa |
| class 17 | kuzogwansa | okuzogwansa | kuzogwansa | akuzugwansa | okungezugwansa | kungezugwansa |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyogwansa | engiyogwansa | ngiyogwansa | angiyugwansa | engingeyugwansa | ngingeyugwansa |
| 2nd singular | uyogwansa | oyogwansa | uyogwansa | awuyugwansa | ongeyugwansa | ungeyugwansa |
| 1st plural | siyogwansa | esiyogwansa | siyogwansa | asiyugwansa | esingeyugwansa | singeyugwansa |
| 2nd plural | niyogwansa | eniyogwansa | niyogwansa | aniyugwansa | eningeyugwansa | ningeyugwansa |
| class 1 | uyogwansa | oyogwansa | eyogwansa | akayugwansa | ongeyugwansa | engeyugwansa |
| class 2 | bayogwansa | abayogwansa | beyogwansa | abayugwansa | abangeyugwansa | bengeyugwansa |
| class 3 | uyogwansa | oyogwansa | uyogwansa | awuyugwansa | ongeyugwansa | ungeyugwansa |
| class 4 | iyogwansa | eyogwansa | iyogwansa | ayiyugwansa | engeyugwansa | ingeyugwansa |
| class 5 | liyogwansa | eliyogwansa | liyogwansa | aliyugwansa | elingeyugwansa | lingeyugwansa |
| class 6 | ayogwansa | ayogwansa | eyogwansa | awayugwansa | angeyugwansa | engeyugwansa |
| class 7 | siyogwansa | esiyogwansa | siyogwansa | asiyugwansa | esingeyugwansa | singeyugwansa |
| class 8 | ziyogwansa | eziyogwansa | ziyogwansa | aziyugwansa | ezingeyugwansa | zingeyugwansa |
| class 9 | iyogwansa | eyogwansa | iyogwansa | ayiyugwansa | engeyugwansa | ingeyugwansa |
| class 10 | ziyogwansa | eziyogwansa | ziyogwansa | aziyugwansa | ezingeyugwansa | zingeyugwansa |
| class 11 | luyogwansa | oluyogwansa | luyogwansa | aluyugwansa | olungeyugwansa | lungeyugwansa |
| class 14 | buyogwansa | obuyogwansa | buyogwansa | abuyugwansa | obungeyugwansa | bungeyugwansa |
| class 15 | kuyogwansa | okuyogwansa | kuyogwansa | akuyugwansa | okungeyugwansa | kungeyugwansa |
| class 17 | kuyogwansa | okuyogwansa | kuyogwansa | akuyugwansa | okungeyugwansa | kungeyugwansa |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngigwanse | ngingagwansi | ||||
| 2nd singular | ugwanse | ungagwansi | ||||
| 1st plural | sigwanse | singagwansi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nigwanse | ningagwansi | ||||
| class 1 | agwanse | angagwansi | ||||
| class 2 | bagwanse | bangagwansi | ||||
| class 3 | ugwanse | ungagwansi | ||||
| class 4 | igwanse | ingagwansi | ||||
| class 5 | ligwanse | lingagwansi | ||||
| class 6 | agwanse | angagwansi | ||||
| class 7 | sigwanse | singagwansi | ||||
| class 8 | zigwanse | zingagwansi | ||||
| class 9 | igwanse | ingagwansi | ||||
| class 10 | zigwanse | zingagwansi | ||||
| class 11 | lugwanse | lungagwansi | ||||
| class 14 | bugwanse | bungagwansi | ||||
| class 15 | kugwanse | kungagwansi | ||||
| class 17 | kugwanse | kungagwansi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngagwansa | ngangagwansa, angagwansa, angangagwansa | ||||
| 2nd singular | wagwansa | wangagwansa, awagwansa, awangagwansa | ||||
| 1st plural | sagwansa | sangagwansa, asagwansa, asangagwansa | ||||
| 2nd plural | nagwansa | nangagwansa, anagwansa, anangagwansa | ||||
| class 1 | wagwansa | wangagwansa, akagwansa, akangagwansa | ||||
| class 2 | bagwansa | bangagwansa, abagwansa, abangagwansa | ||||
| class 3 | wagwansa | wangagwansa, awagwansa, awangagwansa | ||||
| class 4 | yagwansa | yangagwansa, ayagwansa, ayangagwansa | ||||
| class 5 | lagwansa | langagwansa, alagwansa, alangagwansa | ||||
| class 6 | agwansa | angagwansa, awagwansa, awangagwansa | ||||
| class 7 | sagwansa | sangagwansa, asagwansa, asangagwansa | ||||
| class 8 | zagwansa | zangagwansa, azagwansa, azangagwansa | ||||
| class 9 | yagwansa | yangagwansa, ayagwansa, ayangagwansa | ||||
| class 10 | zagwansa | zangagwansa, azagwansa, azangagwansa | ||||
| class 11 | lwagwansa | lwangagwansa, alwagwansa, alwangagwansa | ||||
| class 14 | bagwansa | bangagwansa, abagwansa, abangagwansa | ||||
| class 15 | kwagwansa | kwangagwansa, akwagwansa, akwangagwansa | ||||
| class 17 | kwagwansa | kwangagwansa, akwagwansa, akwangagwansa | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gwansa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gwansa (6.3)”