Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خَائِن (ḵāʔin).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-haini (infinitive kuhaini)
- to betray, to deceive
- Synonym: -saliti
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -haini
|
| Positive present
|
-nahaini
|
| Subjunctive
|
-haini
|
| Negative
|
-haini
|
| Imperative singular
|
haini
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhaini
|
| Negative
|
kutohaini
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
haini
|
| Plural
|
hainini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhaini
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihaini
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhaini
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahaini/nahaini
|
tunahaini
|
| 2nd person
|
unahaini
|
mnahaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahaini
|
wanahaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahaini
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -haini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihaini
|
hatuhaini
|
| 2nd person
|
huhaini
|
hamhaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahaini
|
hawahaini
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -haini
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahaini
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahaini
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -haini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihaini
|
tuhaini
|
| 2nd person
|
uhaini
|
mhaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahaini
|
wahaini
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -haini
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihaini
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehaini
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehaini
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihaini
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihaini
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahaini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahaini
|
twahaini
|
| 2nd person
|
wahaini
|
mwahaini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahaini
|
wahaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahaini
|
yahaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahaini
|
yahaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahaini
|
vyahaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahaini
|
zahaini
|
| u(XI)
|
wahaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahaini
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehaini
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahaini
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahaini
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihaini
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohaini
|
| Consecutive
|
kahaini / positive subject concord + -kahaini
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahaini
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihaini
|
-tuhaini
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhaini
|
-wahaini/-kuhainini/-wahainini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhaini
|
-wahaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhaini
|
-ihaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihaini
|
-yahaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihaini
|
-vihaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihaini
|
-zihaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhaini
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihaini
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -haini- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hainiye
|
-hainio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hainio
|
-hainiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hainilo
|
-hainiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hainicho
|
-hainivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hainiyo
|
-hainizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hainio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hainiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hainipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hainimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -haini)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehaini
|
-ohaini
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohaini
|
-yohaini
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohaini
|
-yohaini
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohaini
|
-vyohaini
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohaini
|
-zohaini
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohaini
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohaini
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohaini
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohaini
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Noun
haini class V (plural mahaini class VI)
- traitor, betrayer, conspirator
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97 Nr. 860