Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic خَلَفَ (ḵalafa).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-halifu (infinitive kuhalifu)
- to disobey or rebel
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -halifu
|
| Positive present
|
-nahalifu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-halifu
|
| Negative
|
-halifu
|
| Imperative singular
|
halifu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
halifu
|
| Plural
|
halifuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhalifu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihalifu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhalifu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahalifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahalifu/nahalifu
|
tunahalifu
|
| 2nd person
|
unahalifu
|
mnahalifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahalifu
|
wanahalifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahalifu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -halifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihalifu
|
hatuhalifu
|
| 2nd person
|
huhalifu
|
hamhalifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahalifu
|
hawahalifu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -halifu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahalifu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahalifu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -halifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihalifu
|
tuhalifu
|
| 2nd person
|
uhalifu
|
mhalifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahalifu
|
wahalifu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -halifu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihalifu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehalifu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehalifu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihalifu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihalifu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahalifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahalifu
|
twahalifu
|
| 2nd person
|
wahalifu
|
mwahalifu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahalifu
|
wahalifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahalifu
|
yahalifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahalifu
|
yahalifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahalifu
|
vyahalifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahalifu
|
zahalifu
|
| u(XI)
|
wahalifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahalifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahalifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahalifu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehalifu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahalifu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahalifu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihalifu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohalifu
|
| Consecutive
|
kahalifu / positive subject concord + -kahalifu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahalifu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihalifu
|
-tuhalifu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhalifu
|
-wahalifu/-kuhalifuni/-wahalifuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhalifu
|
-wahalifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhalifu
|
-ihalifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihalifu
|
-yahalifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihalifu
|
-vihalifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihalifu
|
-zihalifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhalifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhalifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahalifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhalifu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihalifu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -halifu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-halifuye
|
-halifuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-halifuo
|
-halifuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-halifulo
|
-halifuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-halifucho
|
-halifuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-halifuyo
|
-halifuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-halifuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-halifuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-halifupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-halifumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -halifu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehalifu
|
-ohalifu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohalifu
|
-yohalifu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohalifu
|
-yohalifu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohalifu
|
-vyohalifu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohalifu
|
-zohalifu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohalifu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohalifu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohalifu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohalifu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93 Nr. 825