Herero
Verb
honga
- to teach
Karelian
Regional variants of honga
North Karelian
(Viena)
|
honka
|
South Karelian
(Tver)
|
honga
|
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *honka. Cognates include Finnish honka and Estonian hong.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhoŋɡɑ/
- Hyphenation: hon‧ga
Noun
honga (genitive hongan, partitive hongua)
- (South Karelian) dead, dry pine tree
Declension
| Tver Karelian declension of honga (type 5/koira no gradation)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
honga
|
hongat
|
| genitive
|
hongan
|
hongin
|
| partitive
|
hongua
|
hongie
|
| illative
|
hongah
|
hongih
|
| inessive
|
hongašša
|
hongissa
|
| elative
|
hongašta
|
hongista
|
| adessive
|
hongalla
|
hongilla
|
| ablative
|
hongalda
|
hongilda
|
| translative
|
hongakši
|
hongiksi
|
| essive
|
hongana
|
hongina
|
| comitative
|
honganke
|
honginke
|
| abessive
|
hongatta
|
hongitta
|
| Possessive forms of honga
|
| 1st person
|
hongani
|
| 2nd person
|
hongaš
|
| 3rd person
|
hongah
|
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.
|
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “honga”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-honga (infinitive kuhonga)
- to bribe
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -honga
|
| Positive present
|
-nahonga
|
| Subjunctive
|
-honge
|
| Negative
|
-hongi
|
| Imperative singular
|
honga
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuhonga
|
| Negative
|
kutohonga
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
honga
|
| Plural
|
hongeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhonga
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihonga
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhonga
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahonga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahonga/nahonga
|
tunahonga
|
| 2nd person
|
unahonga
|
mnahonga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahonga
|
wanahonga
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahonga
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hongi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihongi
|
hatuhongi
|
| 2nd person
|
huhongi
|
hamhongi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahongi
|
hawahongi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hongi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahonga
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahonga
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -honge)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihonge
|
tuhonge
|
| 2nd person
|
uhonge
|
mhonge
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahonge
|
wahonge
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -honge
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihonge
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehonga
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehonga
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihonga
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihonga
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahonga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahonga
|
twahonga
|
| 2nd person
|
wahonga
|
mwahonga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahonga
|
wahonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahonga
|
yahonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahonga
|
yahonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahonga
|
vyahonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahonga
|
zahonga
|
| u(XI)
|
wahonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahonga
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehonga
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahonga
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahonga
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihonga
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohonga
|
| Consecutive
|
kahonga / positive subject concord + -kahonga
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahonge
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihonga
|
-tuhonga
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhonga
|
-wahonga/-kuhongeni/-wahongeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhonga
|
-wahonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhonga
|
-ihonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihonga
|
-yahonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihonga
|
-vihonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihonga
|
-zihonga
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhonga
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihonga
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -honga- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hongaye
|
-hongao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hongao
|
-hongayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hongalo
|
-hongayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hongacho
|
-hongavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hongayo
|
-hongazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hongao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hongako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hongapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hongamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -honga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehonga
|
-ohonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohonga
|
-yohonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohonga
|
-yohonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohonga
|
-vyohonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohonga
|
-zohonga
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohonga
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms