Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic يَحْضُرُ (yaḥḍuru).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-hudhuria (infinitive kuhudhuria)
- to attend
- to participate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hudhuria
|
| Positive present
|
-nahudhuria
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hudhurie
|
| Negative
|
-hudhurii
|
| Imperative singular
|
hudhuria
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hudhuria
|
| Plural
|
hudhurieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhudhuria
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihudhuria
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhudhuria
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahudhuria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahudhuria/nahudhuria
|
tunahudhuria
|
| 2nd person
|
unahudhuria
|
mnahudhuria
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahudhuria
|
wanahudhuria
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahudhuria
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hudhurii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihudhurii
|
hatuhudhurii
|
| 2nd person
|
huhudhurii
|
hamhudhurii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahudhurii
|
hawahudhurii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hudhurii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahudhuria
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahudhuria
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hudhurie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihudhurie
|
tuhudhurie
|
| 2nd person
|
uhudhurie
|
mhudhurie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahudhurie
|
wahudhurie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hudhurie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihudhurie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehudhuria
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehudhuria
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihudhuria
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihudhuria
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahudhuria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahudhuria
|
twahudhuria
|
| 2nd person
|
wahudhuria
|
mwahudhuria
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahudhuria
|
wahudhuria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahudhuria
|
yahudhuria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahudhuria
|
yahudhuria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahudhuria
|
vyahudhuria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahudhuria
|
zahudhuria
|
| u(XI)
|
wahudhuria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahudhuria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahudhuria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahudhuria
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehudhuria
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahudhuria
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahudhuria
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihudhuria
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohudhuria
|
| Consecutive
|
kahudhuria / positive subject concord + -kahudhuria
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahudhurie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihudhuria
|
-tuhudhuria
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhudhuria
|
-wahudhuria/-kuhudhurieni/-wahudhurieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhudhuria
|
-wahudhuria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhudhuria
|
-ihudhuria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihudhuria
|
-yahudhuria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihudhuria
|
-vihudhuria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihudhuria
|
-zihudhuria
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhudhuria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhudhuria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahudhuria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhudhuria
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihudhuria
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hudhuria- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hudhuriaye
|
-hudhuriao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hudhuriao
|
-hudhuriayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hudhurialo
|
-hudhuriayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hudhuriacho
|
-hudhuriavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hudhuriayo
|
-hudhuriazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hudhuriao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hudhuriako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hudhuriapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hudhuriamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hudhuria)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehudhuria
|
-ohudhuria
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohudhuria
|
-yohudhuria
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohudhuria
|
-yohudhuria
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohudhuria
|
-vyohudhuria
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohudhuria
|
-zohudhuria
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohudhuria
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohudhuria
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohudhuria
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohudhuria
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76 Nr. 662