Navajo
Etymology
ʼa- (“away”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
- ∅- (classifier) + -ghááh (imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)
- ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go, to walk — 2 actors”)
- d- (classifier) + -kááh (imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go, to walk — 3 actors”)
Pronunciation
Verb
iighááh
- he/she goes out of sight
- (with yah) he/she goes in, enters an enclosure
- Ken hooghan góneʼ yah iighááh. ― Ken comes into the hogan.
- Yah aninááh! ― Come in!
- (with yóóʼ) he/she goes away, gets lost
Usage notes
Like all go-verbs, this verb uses three different roots for 1 subject going alone, 2 subjects going in a pair, and 3+ subjects going in a group. All three roots can be conjugated in all 3 numbers (singular, duoplural, distributive plural), with practical different meanings. See chʼéghááh, chʼéʼaash, chʼékááh for further details.
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi).
| imperfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
iishááh
|
iitʼaash
|
iikááh
|
| 2nd person
|
aninááh
|
ohʼaash
|
ohkááh
|
| 3rd person
|
iighááh
|
iiʼaash
|
iikááh
|
| 4th person
|
ajighááh
|
ajiʼaash
|
ajikááh
|
| perfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
ííyá
|
iitʼáázh
|
iikai
|
| 2nd person
|
ííníyá
|
ooʼáázh
|
oohkai
|
| 3rd person
|
ííyá
|
ííʼáázh
|
eekai / iikai
|
| 4th person
|
ajííyá
|
ajííʼáázh
|
ajookai
|
| future
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
adeeshááł
|
adiitʼash
|
adiikah
|
| 2nd person
|
adíínááł
|
adoohʼash
|
adoohkah
|
| 3rd person
|
adoogááł
|
adooʼash
|
adookah
|
| 4th person
|
azhdoogááł
|
azhdooʼash
|
azhdookah
|
| usitative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
iishááh
|
iitʼash
|
iikah
|
| 2nd person
|
aninááh
|
oohʼash
|
oohkah
|
| 3rd person
|
iighááh
|
iiʼash
|
iikah
|
| 4th person
|
ajighááh
|
ajiʼash
|
ajikah
|
| iterative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
anáshdááh
|
anéiitʼash
|
anéiikah
|
| 2nd person
|
anánidááh
|
anáhʼash
|
anáhkah
|
| 3rd person
|
anádááh
|
anáʼash
|
anákah
|
| 4th person
|
aníjídááh
|
aníjíʼash
|
aníjíkah
|
| optative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
ooshaʼ
|
ootʼaash
|
ookááh
|
| 2nd person
|
oóyaʼ
|
oohʼaash
|
oohkááh
|
| 3rd person
|
ooyaʼ
|
ooʼaash
|
ookah
|
| 4th person
|
ajóyaʼ
|
ajóʼash
|
ajókah
|