imati

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьmati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ǐmati/
  • Hyphenation: i‧ma‧ti

Verb

ìmati impf (Cyrillic spelling ѝмати)

  1. (ambitransitive) to have, possess, own
    Imam vremena. ― I have time.
    Ona ima 19 godina. ― She is 19 years old. (literally, “She has 19 years.”)
    Imaš pravo! ― You are right! (literally, “You have it right.”)
    Što ste imali na umu? ― What did you have in mind?
    Imaju li nešto protiv toga? ― Do they have something against that?
  2. (transitive, with genitive case (except for singular countable nouns — with nominative), in existential clauses) there be, be present, exist (in the universe of discourse; in past and future tenses usually replaced by bȉti (“to be, exist”))
    Ima li šećera? ― Is there any sugar?
    Ima li crvenih auta na parkiralištu? ― Are there any red cars on the parking lot?
    Što ima za večeru? ― What is there for dinner?
    Ima pet godina otad. ― Five years have passed since then. / It has been five years since then. (literally, “There are five years since then.”)
  3. (intransitive, regional, with infinitive or da clause) to have to, be obliged to (have the responsibility)
    Imaš to obaviti. ― You have to complete that.
    Ima(š) da mu pošteno platiš. ― You have to pay him fairly.
    Ima(ju) da rade c(ij)eli dan. ― They have to work the whole day.
  4. (transitive) to wear, have on
    Imala je crveni šešir. ― She had a red bonnet on.

Conjugation

Conjugation of imati
infinitive imati
present verbal adverb ìmajūći
past verbal adverb ìmavši
verbal noun ìmānje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present imam / imadem imaš / imadeš ima / imade imamo / imademo imate / imadete imaju / imadu
future future I imat ću1
imaću 		imat ćeš1
imaćeš 		imat će1
imaće 		imat ćemo1
imaćemo 		imat ćete1
imaćete 		imat ćē1
imaće
future II bȕdēm imao2 bȕdēš imao2 bȕdē imao2 bȕdēmo imali2 bȕdēte imali2 bȕdū imali2
past perfect imao sam2 imao si2 imao je2 imali smo2 imali ste2 imali su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam imao2 bȉo si imao2 bȉo je imao2 bíli smo imali2 bíli ste imali2 bíli su imali2
imperfect imah / imadijah / imađah imaše / imadijaše / imađaše imaše / imadijaše / imađaše imasmo / imadijasmo / imađasmo imaste / imadijaste / imađaste imahu / imadijahu / imađahu
conditional conditional I imao bih2 imao bi2 imao bi2 imali bismo2 imali biste2 imali bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih imao2 bȉo bi imao2 bȉo bi imao2 bíli bismo imali2 bíli biste imali2 bíli bi imali2
imperative — imaj — imajmo imajte —
active past participle imao m / imala f / imalo n imali m / imale f / imala n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  • “imati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Further reading

  • Pero Budmani, editor (1887–1891), “”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[1] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 3, Zagreb: JAZU, page 797
  • Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jìmati”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[2] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 651
  • Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jèmati”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[3] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 586
  • Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jȁmati”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎[4] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 447
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