immimgaib

Old Irish

Etymology

From imm- (around) +‎ gaibid (to take). The prefix imm- is reduplicated in deuterotonic forms. Occasional spellings with imc-, suggesting the pronunciation /imɡ-/, lead Pedersen and Thurneysen to suggest the original form may have been imm- +‎ uss- +‎ gaibid.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [imʲˈimɣaβʲ]

Verb

imm·imgaib (prototonic ·imgaib, verbal noun imgabáil)

  1. to avoid, evade, shun
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
      In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
      When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Inflection

Complex, class B II present, s preterite, é future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative deut. imm·imgabaim im·imgaib
prot. ·imgabaim ·imgaib
imperfect indicative deut.
prot.
preterite deut.
prot.
perfect deut. im·rimgabsat
prot.
future deut.
prot. ·imgéb ·imgeba
conditional deut.
prot.
present subjunctive deut. imme·n-ingaib (nasal relative) im·n-imgaba (nasal relative) imme·n-imgabam (nasal relative) imm·imgabat
prot. ·imgaba ·imgabat
past subjunctive deut. imme·n-imgabad (nasal relative)
prot.
imperative imcaib; imma·n-imcab (with infixed pronoun a-) imgabaid
verbal noun imgabáil
past participle
verbal of necessity imcabthi, imgabthi

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: imgaibid
    • Irish: imghabh

Mutation

Mutation of imm·imgaib
radical lenition nasalization
imm·imgaib
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)
imm·imgaib imm·n-imgaib

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 734.11, page 531
  2. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 543, page 351; reprinted 2017

Further reading