inor

See also: Inor

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *enor, composed of *e- (indefinite prefix) +‎ *nor (“who”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)
  • IPA(key): (Southern) /iɲor/, [i.ɲo̞r]
  • IPA(key): (Northern) /inor/, [i.no̞r]

Pronoun

inor

  1. anyone, anybody
    Hemen ez dago inor. ― There isn't anyone here.
    Inor etorri da? ― Did anyone come?
  2. no one, nobody (in negative contexts)
    Inork ere ez daki erantzuna. ― No one knows the answer.

Usage notes

  • This word is a negative polarity item, occurring in contexts such as negative sentences, questions, and conditional clauses. The only positive statements in which it corresponds to "anyone" are mostly conditionals and questions.
  • The inesive, locative, allative... inanimate forms are used in the sense "no place", for example inon (“nowhere”).

Declension

Declension of Basque indefinite interrogative and negative pronouns
nor zer zein zenbat
negative indefinite (some) indefinite (any) negative indefinite (some) indefinite (any) indefinite (any) indefinite (some)
absolutive inor norbait edonor ezer zerbait edozer edozein zenbait
ergative inork norbaitek edonork ezerk zerbaitek edozerk edozeinek zenbaitek
dative inori norbaiti edonori ezeri zerbaiti edozeri edozeini zenbaiti
genitive inoren norbaiten edonoren ezeren zerbaiten edozeren edozeinen zenbaiten
comitative inorekin norbaitekin edonorekin ezerekin zerbaitekin edozerekin edozeinekin zenbaitekin
causative inorengatik norbaitengatik edonorengatik ezerengatik zerbaitengatik edozerengatik edozeinengatik zenbaitengatik
benefactive inorentzat norbaitentzat edonorentzat ezerentzat zerbaitentzat edozerentzat edozeinentzat zenbaitentzat
instrumental animate inortaz norbaitez edonortaz
―
―
―
 edozeinetaz zenbaitetaz
inanimate
―
―
―
 ezertaz zerbaitez, zerbaitetaz edozertaz edozeinez zenbaitez
inessive animate inorengan norbaitengan edonorengan
―
―
―
 edozeinengan zenbaitengan
inanimate inon nonbaiten edonon ezertan zerbaitetan edozertan zeinetan zenbaitean, zenbaitetan
locative animate
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
inanimate inongo norabaiteko edonongo
―
 zerbaitetako
―
 edozeinetako zenbaiteko, zenbaitetako
allative animate inorengana norbaitengana edonorengana
―
―
―
 edozeinengana zenbaitengana
inanimate inora norabaitera edonora ezertara zerbaitera edozertara edozeinetara zenbaitetara
terminative animate inorenganaino norbaitenganaino edonorenganaino
―
―
―
 edozeinenganaino zenbaitenganaino
inanimate inoraino norabaiteraino edonoraino ezertaraino zerbaiteraino edozertaraino edozeinetaraino zenbaitetaraino
directive animate inorenganantz norbaitenganantz edonorenganantz
―
―
―
 edozeinenganantz zenbaitenganantz
inanimate inorantz norabaiterantz edonorantz ezertarantz zerbaiterantz edozertarantz edozeinetarantz zenbaitetarantz
destinative animate inorenganako norbaitenganako edonorenganako
―
―
―
 edozeinenganako zenbaitenganako
inanimate inorako norabaiterako edonorako ezertarako zerbaiterako edozertarako edozeinetarako zenbaitetarako
ablative animate inorengandik norbaitengandik edonorengandik
―
―
―
 edozeinengandik zenbaitengandik
inanimate inondik
―
 edonondik ezertatik zerbaitetatik edozertatik edozeinetatik zenbaitetatik

References

  1. ^ R. L. Trask (2008) “nor”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 300

Further reading

  • “inor”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
  • “inor”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
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