jꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːʕat/ → /ˈjaːʕaʔ/ → /ˈjaːʕa/ → /ˈjoːʕə/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑːi/
- Conventional anglicization: iai

Verb

3ae inf.

(transitive) to wash (the body, limbs, clothes, tools, oneself, etc.)

(Late Egyptian) ― jꜥj ḏrt ― to wash one’s hand (before a meal)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
  
  jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
  Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
  so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
(transitive) to wash off, to wash out, to wash away (inscriptions, blood, etc.)
(transitive) to treat (food) with water or milk [Medical papyri]
(transitive) to wet (wooden rods) in order to bend (them)

Inflection

Conjugation of jꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jꜥ, geminated stem: jꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jꜥt, jꜥj	jꜥw, jꜥ	jꜥt, jꜥwt, jꜥyt	jꜥ	jꜥ, jꜥy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jꜥ⁸, jꜥꜥ⁸	ḥr jꜥt, ḥr jꜥj	m jꜥt, m jꜥj	r jꜥt, r jꜥj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jꜥ.n	jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy	consecutive	jꜥ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jꜥt, jꜥyt
perfective³	jꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jꜥ, jꜥy	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy	jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy	potentialis¹	jꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jꜥ, jꜥy	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jꜥ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jꜥw¹, jꜥy, jꜥ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jꜥ	jꜥy, jꜥ
imperfective	jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥy, jꜥꜥw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥj⁶, jꜥꜥy⁶	jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥw⁵
prospective	jꜥw¹, jꜥy, jꜥ, jꜥtj⁷	—	jꜥwtj^{1 4}, jꜥtj⁴, jꜥt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥj

jꜥj

yꜥj

jꜥj

yꜥj

[Old Kingdom]

[New Kingdom]

[18th–19th Dynasty]

[Greco-Roman Period]

in hieratic

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: yꜥ, yꜥꜣ
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲓ (iōi), ⲓⲱ (iō)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲱⲓ (iōōi)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲉ (eioue)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō), ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲉ (eioue)

References

“jꜥi̯ (lemma ID 21550)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 39.2–39.17
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 10
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 190.