Finnish
Etymology
Uncertain; cognate with Karelian julma. Possibly akin to julkea (compare tuikea ~ tuima, huikea ~ huima).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjulmɑ/, [ˈjulmɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ulmɑ
- Syllabification(key): jul‧ma
- Hyphenation(key): jul‧ma
Adjective
julma (comparative julmempi, superlative julmin)
- cruel, heartless, merciless
- cruel, harsh, intense, ferocious
Declension
| Inflection of julma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
|
| nominative
|
julma
|
julmat
|
| genitive
|
julman
|
julmien
|
| partitive
|
julmaa
|
julmia
|
| illative
|
julmaan
|
julmiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julma
|
julmat
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julma
|
julmat
|
| gen.
|
julman
|
| genitive
|
julman
|
julmien
julmain rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaa
|
julmia
|
| inessive
|
julmassa
|
julmissa
|
| elative
|
julmasta
|
julmista
|
| illative
|
julmaan
|
julmiin
|
| adessive
|
julmalla
|
julmilla
|
| ablative
|
julmalta
|
julmilta
|
| allative
|
julmalle
|
julmille
|
| essive
|
julmana
|
julmina
|
| translative
|
julmaksi
|
julmiksi
|
| abessive
|
julmatta
|
julmitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
julmin
|
| comitative
|
— |
julmine
|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julmani
|
julmani
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julmani
|
julmani
|
| gen.
|
julmani
|
| genitive
|
julmani
|
julmieni
julmaini rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaani
|
julmiani
|
| inessive
|
julmassani
|
julmissani
|
| elative
|
julmastani
|
julmistani
|
| illative
|
julmaani
|
julmiini
|
| adessive
|
julmallani
|
julmillani
|
| ablative
|
julmaltani
|
julmiltani
|
| allative
|
julmalleni
|
julmilleni
|
| essive
|
julmanani
|
julminani
|
| translative
|
julmakseni
|
julmikseni
|
| abessive
|
julmattani
|
julmittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
julmineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julmasi
|
julmasi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julmasi
|
julmasi
|
| gen.
|
julmasi
|
| genitive
|
julmasi
|
julmiesi
julmaisi rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaasi
|
julmiasi
|
| inessive
|
julmassasi
|
julmissasi
|
| elative
|
julmastasi
|
julmistasi
|
| illative
|
julmaasi
|
julmiisi
|
| adessive
|
julmallasi
|
julmillasi
|
| ablative
|
julmaltasi
|
julmiltasi
|
| allative
|
julmallesi
|
julmillesi
|
| essive
|
julmanasi
|
julminasi
|
| translative
|
julmaksesi
|
julmiksesi
|
| abessive
|
julmattasi
|
julmittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
julminesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julmamme
|
julmamme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julmamme
|
julmamme
|
| gen.
|
julmamme
|
| genitive
|
julmamme
|
julmiemme
julmaimme rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaamme
|
julmiamme
|
| inessive
|
julmassamme
|
julmissamme
|
| elative
|
julmastamme
|
julmistamme
|
| illative
|
julmaamme
|
julmiimme
|
| adessive
|
julmallamme
|
julmillamme
|
| ablative
|
julmaltamme
|
julmiltamme
|
| allative
|
julmallemme
|
julmillemme
|
| essive
|
julmanamme
|
julminamme
|
| translative
|
julmaksemme
|
julmiksemme
|
| abessive
|
julmattamme
|
julmittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
julminemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julmanne
|
julmanne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julmanne
|
julmanne
|
| gen.
|
julmanne
|
| genitive
|
julmanne
|
julmienne
julmainne rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaanne
|
julmianne
|
| inessive
|
julmassanne
|
julmissanne
|
| elative
|
julmastanne
|
julmistanne
|
| illative
|
julmaanne
|
julmiinne
|
| adessive
|
julmallanne
|
julmillanne
|
| ablative
|
julmaltanne
|
julmiltanne
|
| allative
|
julmallenne
|
julmillenne
|
| essive
|
julmananne
|
julminanne
|
| translative
|
julmaksenne
|
julmiksenne
|
| abessive
|
julmattanne
|
julmittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
julminenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
julmansa
|
julmansa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
julmansa
|
julmansa
|
| gen.
|
julmansa
|
| genitive
|
julmansa
|
julmiensa
julmainsa rare
|
| partitive
|
julmaansa
|
julmiaan
julmiansa
|
| inessive
|
julmassaan
julmassansa
|
julmissaan
julmissansa
|
| elative
|
julmastaan
julmastansa
|
julmistaan
julmistansa
|
| illative
|
julmaansa
|
julmiinsa
|
| adessive
|
julmallaan
julmallansa
|
julmillaan
julmillansa
|
| ablative
|
julmaltaan
julmaltansa
|
julmiltaan
julmiltansa
|
| allative
|
julmalleen
julmallensa
|
julmilleen
julmillensa
|
| essive
|
julmanaan
julmanansa
|
julminaan
julminansa
|
| translative
|
julmakseen
julmaksensa
|
julmikseen
julmiksensa
|
| abessive
|
julmattaan
julmattansa
|
julmittaan
julmittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
julmineen
julminensa
|
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading