Hausa
Etymology
From Arabic قَيْد (qayd).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kái.dìː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [kéi.dìː]
Noun
kaidī̀ m (possessed form kaidìn)
- limit, restriction
Usage notes
Frequently used in negative constructions.
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic كَيْد (kayd).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Verb
-kaidi (infinitive kukaidi)
- to disobey, to be obstinate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kaidi
|
| Positive present
|
-nakaidi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kaidi
|
| Negative
|
-kaidi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kaidi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukaidi
|
| Negative
|
kutokaidi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kaidi
|
| Plural
|
kaidini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukaidi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likaidi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukaidi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakaidi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakaidi/nakaidi
|
tunakaidi
|
| 2nd person
|
unakaidi
|
mnakaidi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakaidi
|
wanakaidi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakaidi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kaidi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikaidi
|
hatukaidi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukaidi
|
hamkaidi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakaidi
|
hawakaidi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kaidi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takaidi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takaidi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kaidi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikaidi
|
tukaidi
|
| 2nd person
|
ukaidi
|
mkaidi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akaidi
|
wakaidi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kaidi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikaidi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekaidi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekaidi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikaidi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikaidi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akaidi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakaidi
|
twakaidi
|
| 2nd person
|
wakaidi
|
mwakaidi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akaidi
|
wakaidi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakaidi
|
yakaidi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakaidi
|
yakaidi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakaidi
|
vyakaidi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakaidi
|
zakaidi
|
| u(XI)
|
wakaidi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakaidi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakaidi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakaidi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekaidi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakaidi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakaidi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikaidi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokaidi
|
| Consecutive
|
kakaidi / positive subject concord + -kakaidi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakaidi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikaidi
|
-tukaidi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukaidi
|
-wakaidi/-kukaidini/-wakaidini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkaidi
|
-wakaidi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukaidi
|
-ikaidi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likaidi
|
-yakaidi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikaidi
|
-vikaidi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikaidi
|
-zikaidi
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukaidi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukaidi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakaidi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukaidi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikaidi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kaidi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kaidiye
|
-kaidio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kaidio
|
-kaidiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kaidilo
|
-kaidiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kaidicho
|
-kaidivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kaidiyo
|
-kaidizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kaidio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kaidiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kaidipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kaidimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kaidi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekaidi
|
-okaidi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okaidi
|
-yokaidi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokaidi
|
-yokaidi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokaidi
|
-vyokaidi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokaidi
|
-zokaidi
|
| u(XI)
|
-okaidi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokaidi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokaidi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokaidi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Adjective
kaidi (invariable)
- obstinate, disobedient
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267 Nr. 2501
- ^ Harvey, Andrew (2014) “Epenthetic Vowels in Swahili Loanwords”, in Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education[1], volume 8, number 2, page 19 of 17-45: “Ar. kaid [kaid] -> Sw. kaidi [kaidi] ‘disobedient’”