kaldr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, whence also Old English cald, Old Frisian kald, Old Saxon kald, Old High German kalt, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.

Adjective

kaldr

  1. cold

Declension

Strong declension of kaldr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldr kǫld kalt
accusative kaldan kalda kalt
dative kǫldum kaldri kǫldu
genitive kalds kaldrar kalds
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldir kaldar kǫld
accusative kalda kaldar kǫld
dative kǫldum kǫldum kǫldum
genitive kaldra kaldra kaldra
Weak declension of kaldr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldi kalda kalda
accusative kalda kǫldu kalda
dative kalda kǫldu kalda
genitive kalda kǫldu kalda
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kǫldu kǫldu kǫldu
accusative kǫldu kǫldu kǫldu
dative kǫldum kǫldum kǫldum
genitive kǫldu kǫldu kǫldu
Declension of comparative of kaldr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldari kaldari kaldara
accusative kaldara kaldari kaldara
dative kaldara kaldari kaldara
genitive kaldara kaldari kaldara
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldari kaldari kaldari
accusative kaldari kaldari kaldari
dative kǫldurum kǫldurum kǫldurum
genitive kaldari kaldari kaldari
Strong declension of superlative of kaldr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldastr kǫldust kaldast
accusative kaldastan kaldasta kaldast
dative kǫldustum kaldastri kǫldustu
genitive kaldasts kaldastrar kaldasts
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldastir kaldastar kǫldust
accusative kaldasta kaldastar kǫldust
dative kǫldustum kǫldustum kǫldustum
genitive kaldastra kaldastra kaldastra
Weak declension of superlative of kaldr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaldasti kaldasta kaldasta
accusative kaldasta kǫldustu kaldasta
dative kaldasta kǫldustu kaldasta
genitive kaldasta kǫldustu kaldasta
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kǫldustu kǫldustu kǫldustu
accusative kǫldustu kǫldustu kǫldustu
dative kǫldustum kǫldustum kǫldustum
genitive kǫldustu kǫldustu kǫldustu

Descendants

  • Icelandic: kaldur
  • Faroese: kaldur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kald; (dialectal) kald’u, kald’e
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kald
  • Elfdalian: kold
  • Old Swedish: kalder, kaller
  • Old Danish: kald
    • Danish: kold
      • Norwegian Bokmål: kold (Riksmål)
  • Gutnish: kaldar

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kaldr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
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