Swahili
Verb
-kerwa (infinitive kukerwa)
- Passive form of -kera
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kerwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakerwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kerwe
|
| Negative
|
-kerwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kerwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukerwa
|
| Negative
|
kutokerwa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kerwa
|
| Plural
|
kerweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukerwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likerwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukerwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakerwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakerwa/nakerwa
|
tunakerwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakerwa
|
mnakerwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakerwa
|
wanakerwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakerwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kerwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikerwi
|
hatukerwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukerwi
|
hamkerwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakerwi
|
hawakerwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kerwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takerwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takerwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kerwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikerwe
|
tukerwe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukerwe
|
mkerwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akerwe
|
wakerwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kerwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikerwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekerwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekerwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikerwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikerwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akerwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakerwa
|
twakerwa
|
| 2nd person
|
wakerwa
|
mwakerwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akerwa
|
wakerwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakerwa
|
yakerwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakerwa
|
yakerwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakerwa
|
vyakerwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakerwa
|
zakerwa
|
| u(XI)
|
wakerwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakerwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakerwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakerwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekerwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakerwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakerwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikerwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokerwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kakerwa / positive subject concord + -kakerwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakerwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikerwa
|
-tukerwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukerwa
|
-wakerwa/-kukerweni/-wakerweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkerwa
|
-wakerwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukerwa
|
-ikerwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likerwa
|
-yakerwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikerwa
|
-vikerwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikerwa
|
-zikerwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukerwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukerwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakerwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukerwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikerwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kerwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kerwaye
|
-kerwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kerwao
|
-kerwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kerwalo
|
-kerwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kerwacho
|
-kerwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kerwayo
|
-kerwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kerwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kerwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kerwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kerwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kerwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekerwa
|
-okerwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okerwa
|
-yokerwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokerwa
|
-yokerwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokerwa
|
-vyokerwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokerwa
|
-zokerwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okerwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokerwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokerwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokerwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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