khắc nghiệt

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 刻 and 孽.

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [xak̚˧˦ ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˧˥ ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ] ~ [xak̚˦˧˥ ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [kʰak̚˦˥ ŋiək̚˨˩˨] ~ [xak̚˦˥ ŋiək̚˨˩˨]

Adjective

khắc nghiệt

  1. harsh, inclement
    mùa đông khắc nghiệt ở Cộng hoà Sakha ― the harsh winter at the Republic of Sakha
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