khala

See also: khàla

Chichewa

Etymology

Cognate with Tumbuka -khala.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʰa.ɽa/

Verb

-khala (infinitive kukhála)

  1. to be
  2. (auxiliary) to have been doing something (Used with another verb afterwards)
  3. to become
  4. to live
  5. to dwell
  6. to behave
  7. to sit
  8. to take place, to happen, to occur
  9. to fit (clothes)
  10. to concern, to involve (i.e. "as far as I'm concerned)
  11. to suppose, to imagine (that)

Usage notes

The 'khala' stem is not used in the present or the past tense. The ending -li is used instead.

Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -khalira
    • Causative: -khalitsa
    • Negative: -sakhala
    • Other formations: -khala bwamuswe (“to be naked”), -khala bwanankhu (“to be naked”), -khala leuleu (“to hang in middair”), -khala lewalewa (“to hurry to the toilet especially when suffering from diarrhoea”), -khala lifu (“to be bent”), -khala mkangaziwisi (“to be brave, to be unafraid”), -khala ndi (“have”), -khala ngolomondi (“to work looking downwards”), -khala nguu (“to produce the sound made by the skin of a tight drum, to be full”), -khala nthangwanika (“to be busy”), -khala nyenkhwa (“to have nothing”), -khala nyeti (“to shine brightly”), -khala nyezinyezi (“to shine (e.g. of glistening metals)”), -khala nyutu (“to stretch rubber, to be seated not doing anything”), -khala nzangwalinzangwali (“to walk aimlessly (of a tall person)”), -khala nzii (“to be silent for a long time, to be exhausted”), -khala yekha (“to be lonely”), -khala yekhayekha (“to be all alone”)
  • Nominal derivations:
    • mkhalakale (“veteran, experienced person, old-timer”)
    • mkhalapampando (“chairperson”)
    • mkhalayekha (“lonely person”)
    • nkhalamanja (“dagger”)

References

  • Steven Paas (2016) Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎[1], Oxford University Press, page 202

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From Hindi ख़ाला (xālā), from Arabic خَالَة (ḵāla).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰala/

Noun

khala

  1. aunt
    Synonym: matant

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-khála

  1. to cry, to weep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Verb

-khála

  1. to cry, to weep, to morn
  2. to sound

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tumbuka

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with Chichewa -khala.

Verb

-khala (infinitive kukhala)

  1. to sit
  2. to stay
  3. to remain

Derived terms

  • -khaliska (“to sit down properly, to settle”)
  • kakhaliro (“habits, behaviour”)

Xhosa

Verb

-khâla

  1. to wail, to cry
  2. to ring (of a phone)
  3. to bleat (of a goat)

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-khâla

  1. (intransitive) to cry, to weep, to wail
  2. (intransitive) to lament, to mourn
  3. (intransitive) to scream
  4. (intransitive) to ring (of a phone)
  5. (intransitive) to complain

Inflection

tone HH (infinitive ukukhala)
positive negative
infinitive ukukhala ukungakhali
imperative
simple + object concord
singular khala -khale
plural khalani -khaleni
present
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyakhala, ngikhala engikhalayo, engikhala ngikhala angikhali engingakhali ngingakhali
2nd singular uyakhala, ukhala okhalayo, okhala ukhala awukhali ongakhali ungakhali
1st plural siyakhala, sikhala esikhalayo, esikhala sikhala asikhali esingakhali singakhali
2nd plural niyakhala, nikhala enikhalayo, enikhala nikhala anikhali eningakhali ningakhali
class 1 uyakhala, ukhala okhalayo, okhala ekhala akakhali ongakhali engakhali
class 2 bayakhala, bakhala abakhalayo, abakhala bekhala abakhali abangakhali bengakhali
class 3 uyakhala, ukhala okhalayo, okhala ukhala awukhali ongakhali ungakhali
class 4 iyakhala, ikhala ekhalayo, ekhala ikhala ayikhali engakhali ingakhali
class 5 liyakhala, likhala elikhalayo, elikhala likhala alikhali elingakhali lingakhali
class 6 ayakhala, akhala akhalayo, akhala ekhala awakhali angakhali engakhali
class 7 siyakhala, sikhala esikhalayo, esikhala sikhala asikhali esingakhali singakhali
class 8 ziyakhala, zikhala ezikhalayo, ezikhala zikhala azikhali ezingakhali zingakhali
class 9 iyakhala, ikhala ekhalayo, ekhala ikhala ayikhali engakhali ingakhali
class 10 ziyakhala, zikhala ezikhalayo, ezikhala zikhala azikhali ezingakhali zingakhali
class 11 luyakhala, lukhala olukhalayo, olukhala lukhala alukhali olungakhali lungakhali
class 14 buyakhala, bukhala obukhalayo, obukhala bukhala abukhali obungakhali bungakhali
class 15 kuyakhala, kukhala okukhalayo, okukhala kukhala akukhali okungakhali kungakhali
class 17 kuyakhala, kukhala okukhalayo, okukhala kukhala akukhali okungakhali kungakhali
recent past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngikhalile, ngikhalē engikhalile, engikhalē ngikhalile, ngikhalē angikhalanga engingakhalanga ngingakhalanga
2nd singular ukhalile, ukhalē okhalile, okhalē ukhalile, ukhalē awukhalanga ongakhalanga ungakhalanga
1st plural sikhalile, sikhalē esikhalile, esikhalē sikhalile, sikhalē asikhalanga esingakhalanga singakhalanga
2nd plural nikhalile, nikhalē enikhalile, enikhalē nikhalile, nikhalē anikhalanga eningakhalanga ningakhalanga
class 1 ukhalile, ukhalē okhalile, okhalē ekhalile, ekhalē akakhalanga ongakhalanga engakhalanga
class 2 bakhalile, bakhalē abakhalile, abakhalē bekhalile, bekhalē abakhalanga abangakhalanga bengakhalanga
class 3 ukhalile, ukhalē okhalile, okhalē ukhalile, ukhalē awukhalanga ongakhalanga ungakhalanga
class 4 ikhalile, ikhalē ekhalile, ekhalē ikhalile, ikhalē ayikhalanga engakhalanga ingakhalanga
class 5 likhalile, likhalē elikhalile, elikhalē likhalile, likhalē alikhalanga elingakhalanga lingakhalanga
class 6 akhalile, akhalē akhalile, akhalē ekhalile, ekhalē awakhalanga angakhalanga engakhalanga
class 7 sikhalile, sikhalē esikhalile, esikhalē sikhalile, sikhalē asikhalanga esingakhalanga singakhalanga
class 8 zikhalile, zikhalē ezikhalile, ezikhalē zikhalile, zikhalē azikhalanga ezingakhalanga zingakhalanga
class 9 ikhalile, ikhalē ekhalile, ekhalē ikhalile, ikhalē ayikhalanga engakhalanga ingakhalanga
class 10 zikhalile, zikhalē ezikhalile, ezikhalē zikhalile, zikhalē azikhalanga ezingakhalanga zingakhalanga
class 11 lukhalile, lukhalē olukhalile, olukhalē lukhalile, lukhalē alukhalanga olungakhalanga lungakhalanga
class 14 bukhalile, bukhalē obukhalile, obukhalē bukhalile, bukhalē abukhalanga obungakhalanga bungakhalanga
class 15 kukhalile, kukhalē okukhalile, okukhalē kukhalile, kukhalē akukhalanga okungakhalanga kungakhalanga
class 17 kukhalile, kukhalē okukhalile, okukhalē kukhalile, kukhalē akukhalanga okungakhalanga kungakhalanga
remote past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngākhala engākhala ngākhala angikhalanga engingakhalanga ngingakhalanga
2nd singular wākhala owākhala wākhala awukhalanga ongakhalanga ungakhalanga
1st plural sākhala esākhala sākhala asikhalanga esingakhalanga singakhalanga
2nd plural nākhala enākhala nākhala anikhalanga eningakhalanga ningakhalanga
class 1 wākhala owākhala ākhala akakhalanga ongakhalanga engakhalanga
class 2 bākhala abākhala bākhala abakhalanga abangakhalanga bengakhalanga
class 3 wākhala owākhala wākhala awukhalanga ongakhalanga ungakhalanga
class 4 yākhala eyākhala yākhala ayikhalanga engakhalanga ingakhalanga
class 5 lākhala elākhala lākhala alikhalanga elingakhalanga lingakhalanga
class 6 ākhala ākhala ākhala awakhalanga angakhalanga engakhalanga
class 7 sākhala esākhala sākhala asikhalanga esingakhalanga singakhalanga
class 8 zākhala ezākhala zākhala azikhalanga ezingakhalanga zingakhalanga
class 9 yākhala eyākhala yākhala ayikhalanga engakhalanga ingakhalanga
class 10 zākhala ezākhala zākhala azikhalanga ezingakhalanga zingakhalanga
class 11 lwākhala olwākhala lwākhala alukhalanga olungakhalanga lungakhalanga
class 14 bākhala obākhala bākhala abukhalanga obungakhalanga bungakhalanga
class 15 kwākhala okwākhala kwākhala akukhalanga okungakhalanga kungakhalanga
class 17 kwākhala okwākhala kwākhala akukhalanga okungakhalanga kungakhalanga
potential
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngingakhala — ngingakhala ngingekhale — ngingekhale
2nd singular ungakhala — ungakhala ungekhale — ungekhale
1st plural singakhala — singakhala singekhale — singekhale
2nd plural ningakhala — ningakhala ningekhale — ningekhale
class 1 angakhala — engakhala angekhale — engekhale
class 2 bangakhala — bengakhala bangekhale — bengekhale
class 3 ungakhala — ungakhala ungekhale — ungekhale
class 4 ingakhala — ingakhala ingekhale — ingekhale
class 5 lingakhala — lingakhala lingekhale — lingekhale
class 6 angakhala — engakhala angekhale — engekhale
class 7 singakhala — singakhala singekhale — singekhale
class 8 zingakhala — zingakhala zingekhale — zingekhale
class 9 ingakhala — ingakhala ingekhale — ingekhale
class 10 zingakhala — zingakhala zingekhale — zingekhale
class 11 lungakhala — lungakhala lungekhale — lungekhale
class 14 bungakhala — bungakhala bungekhale — bungekhale
class 15 kungakhala — kungakhala kungekhale — kungekhale
class 17 kungakhala — kungakhala kungekhale — kungekhale
immediate future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngizokhala engizokhala ngizokhala angizukhala engingezukhala ngingezukhala
2nd singular uzokhala ozokhala uzokhala awuzukhala ongezukhala ungezukhala
1st plural sizokhala esizokhala sizokhala asizukhala esingezukhala singezukhala
2nd plural nizokhala enizokhala nizokhala anizukhala eningezukhala ningezukhala
class 1 uzokhala ozokhala ezokhala akazukhala ongezukhala engezukhala
class 2 bazokhala abazokhala bezokhala abazukhala abangezukhala bengezukhala
class 3 uzokhala ozokhala uzokhala awuzukhala ongezukhala ungezukhala
class 4 izokhala ezokhala izokhala ayizukhala engezukhala ingezukhala
class 5 lizokhala elizokhala lizokhala alizukhala elingezukhala lingezukhala
class 6 azokhala azokhala ezokhala awazukhala angezukhala engezukhala
class 7 sizokhala esizokhala sizokhala asizukhala esingezukhala singezukhala
class 8 zizokhala ezizokhala zizokhala azizukhala ezingezukhala zingezukhala
class 9 izokhala ezokhala izokhala ayizukhala engezukhala ingezukhala
class 10 zizokhala ezizokhala zizokhala azizukhala ezingezukhala zingezukhala
class 11 luzokhala oluzokhala luzokhala aluzukhala olungezukhala lungezukhala
class 14 buzokhala obuzokhala buzokhala abuzukhala obungezukhala bungezukhala
class 15 kuzokhala okuzokhala kuzokhala akuzukhala okungezukhala kungezukhala
class 17 kuzokhala okuzokhala kuzokhala akuzukhala okungezukhala kungezukhala
remote future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyokhala engiyokhala ngiyokhala angiyukhala engingeyukhala ngingeyukhala
2nd singular uyokhala oyokhala uyokhala awuyukhala ongeyukhala ungeyukhala
1st plural siyokhala esiyokhala siyokhala asiyukhala esingeyukhala singeyukhala
2nd plural niyokhala eniyokhala niyokhala aniyukhala eningeyukhala ningeyukhala
class 1 uyokhala oyokhala eyokhala akayukhala ongeyukhala engeyukhala
class 2 bayokhala abayokhala beyokhala abayukhala abangeyukhala bengeyukhala
class 3 uyokhala oyokhala uyokhala awuyukhala ongeyukhala ungeyukhala
class 4 iyokhala eyokhala iyokhala ayiyukhala engeyukhala ingeyukhala
class 5 liyokhala eliyokhala liyokhala aliyukhala elingeyukhala lingeyukhala
class 6 ayokhala ayokhala eyokhala awayukhala angeyukhala engeyukhala
class 7 siyokhala esiyokhala siyokhala asiyukhala esingeyukhala singeyukhala
class 8 ziyokhala eziyokhala ziyokhala aziyukhala ezingeyukhala zingeyukhala
class 9 iyokhala eyokhala iyokhala ayiyukhala engeyukhala ingeyukhala
class 10 ziyokhala eziyokhala ziyokhala aziyukhala ezingeyukhala zingeyukhala
class 11 luyokhala oluyokhala luyokhala aluyukhala olungeyukhala lungeyukhala
class 14 buyokhala obuyokhala buyokhala abuyukhala obungeyukhala bungeyukhala
class 15 kuyokhala okuyokhala kuyokhala akuyukhala okungeyukhala kungeyukhala
class 17 kuyokhala okuyokhala kuyokhala akuyukhala okungeyukhala kungeyukhala
present subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngikhale ngingakhali
2nd singular ukhale ungakhali
1st plural sikhale singakhali
2nd plural nikhale ningakhali
class 1 akhale angakhali
class 2 bakhale bangakhali
class 3 ukhale ungakhali
class 4 ikhale ingakhali
class 5 likhale lingakhali
class 6 akhale angakhali
class 7 sikhale singakhali
class 8 zikhale zingakhali
class 9 ikhale ingakhali
class 10 zikhale zingakhali
class 11 lukhale lungakhali
class 14 bukhale bungakhali
class 15 kukhale kungakhali
class 17 kukhale kungakhali
past subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngakhala ngangakhala, angakhala, angangakhala
2nd singular wakhala wangakhala, awakhala, awangakhala
1st plural sakhala sangakhala, asakhala, asangakhala
2nd plural nakhala nangakhala, anakhala, anangakhala
class 1 wakhala wangakhala, akakhala, akangakhala
class 2 bakhala bangakhala, abakhala, abangakhala
class 3 wakhala wangakhala, awakhala, awangakhala
class 4 yakhala yangakhala, ayakhala, ayangakhala
class 5 lakhala langakhala, alakhala, alangakhala
class 6 akhala angakhala, awakhala, awangakhala
class 7 sakhala sangakhala, asakhala, asangakhala
class 8 zakhala zangakhala, azakhala, azangakhala
class 9 yakhala yangakhala, ayakhala, ayangakhala
class 10 zakhala zangakhala, azakhala, azangakhala
class 11 lwakhala lwangakhala, alwakhala, alwangakhala
class 14 bakhala bangakhala, abakhala, abangakhala
class 15 kwakhala kwangakhala, akwakhala, akwangakhala
class 17 kwakhala kwangakhala, akwakhala, akwangakhala

Derived terms

References

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