Swahili
Etymology
From -lazima (“must”) + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-lazimisha (infinitive kulazimisha)
- Causative form of lazima: to force, compel, oblige, require
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -lazimisha
|
| Positive present
|
-nalazimisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-lazimishe
|
| Negative
|
-lazimishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
lazimisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
lazimisha
|
| Plural
|
lazimisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hulazimisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilazimisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulazimisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalazimisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninalazimisha/nalazimisha
|
tunalazimisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unalazimisha
|
mnalazimisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analazimisha
|
wanalazimisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalazimisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -lazimishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
silazimishi
|
hatulazimishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hulazimishi
|
hamlazimishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halazimishi
|
hawalazimishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -lazimishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talazimisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talazimisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lazimishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nilazimishe
|
tulazimishe
|
| 2nd person
|
ulazimishe
|
mlazimishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alazimishe
|
walazimishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -lazimishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silazimishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelazimisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelazimisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilazimisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilazimisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alazimisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nalazimisha
|
twalazimisha
|
| 2nd person
|
walazimisha
|
mwalazimisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alazimisha
|
walazimisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
walazimisha
|
yalazimisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lalazimisha
|
yalazimisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chalazimisha
|
vyalazimisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yalazimisha
|
zalazimisha
|
| u(XI)
|
walazimisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwalazimisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
palazimisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwalazimisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melazimisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalazimisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalazimisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilazimisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolazimisha
|
| Consecutive
|
kalazimisha / positive subject concord + -kalazimisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalazimishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nilazimisha
|
-tulazimisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kulazimisha
|
-walazimisha/-kulazimisheni/-walazimisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mlazimisha
|
-walazimisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ulazimisha
|
-ilazimisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lilazimisha
|
-yalazimisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kilazimisha
|
-vilazimisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ilazimisha
|
-zilazimisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-ulazimisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kulazimisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-palazimisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mulazimisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jilazimisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lazimisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-lazimishaye
|
-lazimishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-lazimishao
|
-lazimishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lazimishalo
|
-lazimishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-lazimishacho
|
-lazimishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-lazimishayo
|
-lazimishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-lazimishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-lazimishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-lazimishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-lazimishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lazimisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yelazimisha
|
-olazimisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-olazimisha
|
-yolazimisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lolazimisha
|
-yolazimisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-cholazimisha
|
-vyolazimisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yolazimisha
|
-zolazimisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-olazimisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kolazimisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-polazimisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-molazimisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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