lemti
Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian lem̃t (“to decide, determine, predestine”), Old Prussian limtwei (“to break”).[1] Further related to Proto-Slavic *lomìti (“to break”), which retains the original meaning of the root; see there for more. Semantic development could be mediated by an intermediate stage meaning "to separate, divide"; compare Latin dēcīdō, German entscheiden.[2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [lʲæ̂ːmʲ.tʲɪ]
Verb
lémti (third-person present tense lẽmia, third-person past tense lė́mė)
- to decide, determine
- to predestine
Conjugation
| singular vienaskaita | plural daugiskaita | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative | present | lemiù | lemi̇̀ | lẽmia | lẽmiame, lẽmiam |
lẽmiate, lẽmiat |
lẽmia | |
| past | lėmiaũ | lėmei̇̃ | lė́mė | lė́mėme, lė́mėm |
lė́mėte, lė́mėt |
lė́mė | ||
| past frequentative | lémdavau | lémdavai | lémdavo | lémdavome, lémdavom |
lémdavote, lémdavot |
lémdavo | ||
| future | lémsiu | lémsi | lem̃s | lémsime, lémsim |
lémsite, lémsit |
lem̃s | ||
| subjunctive | lémčiau | lémtum | lémtų | lémtumėme, lémtumėm, lémtume |
lémtumėte, lémtumėt |
lémtų | ||
| imperative | — | lémk, lémki |
telẽmia | lémkime, lémkim |
lémkite, lémkit |
telẽmia | ||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- lėmė́jas (“arbiter”)
- lėmi̇̀mas
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “lemti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
- ^ “lémti” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 656 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
- ^ “lemti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
Further reading
- “lemti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
- “lemti”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025