luka

See also: Luka, luką, lúka, Lūka, Lūkā, and lụka

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈluka]

Noun

luka n pl

  1. alternative form of louka (“meadow”)

Declension

Declension of luka (pl-only hard neuter (declined as feminine) irreg-stem)
plural
nominative luka
genitive luk
dative lukám
accusative luka
vocative luka
locative lukách
instrumental lukami

Further reading

Hungarian

Etymology

luk (“hole”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈlukɒ]
  • Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

luka

  1. alternative form of lyuka, third-person singular single-possession possessive of luk

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative luka —
accusative lukát —
dative lukának —
instrumental lukával —
causal-final lukáért —
translative lukává —
terminative lukáig —
essive-formal lukaként —
essive-modal lukául —
inessive lukában —
superessive lukán —
adessive lukánál —
illative lukába —
sublative lukára —
allative lukához —
elative lukából —
delative lukáról —
ablative lukától —
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		lukáé —
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		lukáéi —

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay luka, from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

Pronunciation

Noun

luka (plural luka-luka)

  1. wound:
    1. an injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body
    2. (figurative) a hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.

Adjective

luka (comparative lebih luka, superlative paling luka)

  1. wounded:
    1. suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife
    2. (figurative) suffering from an emotional injury

Hyponyms

Derived terms

  • berluka
  • lukai
  • pelukaan
  • perlukaan
  • terluka
  • terlukai

References

  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Nuka”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

Luba-Kasai

Verb

luka

  1. to weave

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

Pronunciation

  • (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): /ˈlukə/ [ˈlu.kə]
    • Rhymes: -ukə, -ə
  • (Baku) IPA(key): /ˈluka/ [ˈlu.ka]
    • Rhymes: -uka, -a
  • Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

luka (Jawi spelling لوک, plural luka-luka)

  1. wound

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • pelukaan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
  • kelukaan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
  • lukakan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • lukai [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
  • melukakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
  • melukai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
  • dilukakan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • dilukai [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
  • terluka [agentless action] (teR-)
  • terlukakan [agentless action + causative benefactive] (teR- + -kan)
  • terlukai [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
  • berluka [stative / habitual] (beR-)
  • berlukaan [stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (beR- + -an)
  • berluka-lukaan [reduplication + stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (redup + beR- + -an)
  • berluka-luka [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

Descendants

  • > Indonesian: luka (inherited)

Adjective

luka (Jawi spelling لوک)

  1. wounded

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

luka m or f

  1. definite feminine singular of luke

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

luka f

  1. definite singular of luke

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

Verb

lūka

  1. to close, shut

Inflection

Conjugation of lūka (strong class 2)
infinitive lūka
indicative present past
1st person singular lūke lāk
2nd person singular lūkest, lūkst lākest, lākst
3rd person singular lūketh, lūkth lāk
plural lūkath leken
subjunctive present past
singular lūke leke
plural lūke, lūken leke, leken
imperative present
singular lūk
plural lūketh
participle present past
lūkande eleken, leken

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse lúka, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

Verb

lūka

  1. to close, shut

Conjugation

Conjugation of lūka (strong)
present past
infinitive lūka —
participle lūkandi, lūkande lukin
active voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
iæk lūker lūki, lūke — lø̄k luki, luke
þū lūker lūki, lūke lūk lø̄kt luki, luke
han lūker lūki, lūke — lø̄k luki, luke
vīr lūkum, lūkom lūkum, lūkom lūkum, lūkom lukum, lukom lukum, lukom
īr lūkin lūkin lūkin lukin lukin
þēr lūka lūkin — luku, luko lukin
mediopassive voice indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
iæk lūks lūkis, lūkes — lø̄ks lukis, lukes
þū lūks lūkis, lūkes — lø̄kts lukis, lukes
han lūks lūkis, lūkes — lø̄ks lukis, lukes
vīr lūkums, -oms lūkums, lūkoms — lukums, lukoms lukums, lukoms
īr lūkins lūkins — lukins lukins
þēr lūkas lūkins — lukus, lukos lukins

Oromo

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Burji lukka, Hadiyya lokko and Sidamo lekka.

Noun

luka

  1. leg

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Lücke.[1] Aleksander Brückner believed that the term had come from Luke (“hatch”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlu.ka/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -uka
  • Syllabification: lu‧ka

Noun

luka f

  1. gap, blank
    wypełniać lukę ― to fill in the blank
  2. hatch
    Synonyms: luk m, właz m
  3. loophole, an exploitable "hole" in a system

Declension

Declension of luka
singular plural
nominative luka luki
genitive luki luk
dative luce lukom
accusative lukę luki
instrumental luką lukami
locative luce lukach
vocative luko luki
nouns

References

  1. ^ Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN, t. II. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2002, s. 55. →ISBN
  2. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “loch”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 301

Further reading

  • luka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • luka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Anagrams

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lǔːka/
  • Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

lúka f (Cyrillic spelling лу́ка)

  1. harbor; harbour
  2. seaport
  3. port
Declension
Declension of luka
singular plural
nominative lúka luke
genitive luke luka
dative lúci lukama
accusative luku luke
vocative luko luke
locative lúci lukama
instrumental lukom lukama

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

luka (Cyrillic spelling лука)

  1. genitive singular of luk

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /lùːka/

Noun

lúka f

  1. harbor; harbour
  2. seaport
  3. port

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing. lúka
gen. sing. lúke
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		lúka lúki lúke
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		lúke lúk lúk
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		lúki lúkama lúkam
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		lúko lúki lúke
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		lúki lúkah lúkah
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		lúko lúkama lúkami

Further reading

  • “luka”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ka.

Verb

-luka

  1. (transitive) to plait
  2. (transitive) to weave

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukuluka)
positive negative
infinitive ukuluka ukungaluki
imperative
simple + object concord
singular luka -luke
plural lukani -lukeni
present
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyaluka, ngiluka engilukayo, engiluka ngiluka angiluki engingaluki ngingaluki
2nd singular uyaluka, uluka olukayo, oluka uluka awuluki ongaluki ungaluki
1st plural siyaluka, siluka esilukayo, esiluka siluka asiluki esingaluki singaluki
2nd plural niyaluka, niluka enilukayo, eniluka niluka aniluki eningaluki ningaluki
class 1 uyaluka, uluka olukayo, oluka eluka akaluki ongaluki engaluki
class 2 bayaluka, baluka abalukayo, abaluka beluka abaluki abangaluki bengaluki
class 3 uyaluka, uluka olukayo, oluka uluka awuluki ongaluki ungaluki
class 4 iyaluka, iluka elukayo, eluka iluka ayiluki engaluki ingaluki
class 5 liyaluka, liluka elilukayo, eliluka liluka aliluki elingaluki lingaluki
class 6 ayaluka, aluka alukayo, aluka eluka awaluki angaluki engaluki
class 7 siyaluka, siluka esilukayo, esiluka siluka asiluki esingaluki singaluki
class 8 ziyaluka, ziluka ezilukayo, eziluka ziluka aziluki ezingaluki zingaluki
class 9 iyaluka, iluka elukayo, eluka iluka ayiluki engaluki ingaluki
class 10 ziyaluka, ziluka ezilukayo, eziluka ziluka aziluki ezingaluki zingaluki
class 11 luyaluka, luluka olulukayo, oluluka luluka aluluki olungaluki lungaluki
class 14 buyaluka, buluka obulukayo, obuluka buluka abuluki obungaluki bungaluki
class 15 kuyaluka, kuluka okulukayo, okuluka kuluka akuluki okungaluki kungaluki
class 17 kuyaluka, kuluka okulukayo, okuluka kuluka akuluki okungaluki kungaluki
recent past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngilukile, ngilukē engilukile, engilukē ngilukile, ngilukē angilukanga engingalukanga ngingalukanga
2nd singular ulukile, ulukē olukile, olukē ulukile, ulukē awulukanga ongalukanga ungalukanga
1st plural silukile, silukē esilukile, esilukē silukile, silukē asilukanga esingalukanga singalukanga
2nd plural nilukile, nilukē enilukile, enilukē nilukile, nilukē anilukanga eningalukanga ningalukanga
class 1 ulukile, ulukē olukile, olukē elukile, elukē akalukanga ongalukanga engalukanga
class 2 balukile, balukē abalukile, abalukē belukile, belukē abalukanga abangalukanga bengalukanga
class 3 ulukile, ulukē olukile, olukē ulukile, ulukē awulukanga ongalukanga ungalukanga
class 4 ilukile, ilukē elukile, elukē ilukile, ilukē ayilukanga engalukanga ingalukanga
class 5 lilukile, lilukē elilukile, elilukē lilukile, lilukē alilukanga elingalukanga lingalukanga
class 6 alukile, alukē alukile, alukē elukile, elukē awalukanga angalukanga engalukanga
class 7 silukile, silukē esilukile, esilukē silukile, silukē asilukanga esingalukanga singalukanga
class 8 zilukile, zilukē ezilukile, ezilukē zilukile, zilukē azilukanga ezingalukanga zingalukanga
class 9 ilukile, ilukē elukile, elukē ilukile, ilukē ayilukanga engalukanga ingalukanga
class 10 zilukile, zilukē ezilukile, ezilukē zilukile, zilukē azilukanga ezingalukanga zingalukanga
class 11 lulukile, lulukē olulukile, olulukē lulukile, lulukē alulukanga olungalukanga lungalukanga
class 14 bulukile, bulukē obulukile, obulukē bulukile, bulukē abulukanga obungalukanga bungalukanga
class 15 kulukile, kulukē okulukile, okulukē kulukile, kulukē akulukanga okungalukanga kungalukanga
class 17 kulukile, kulukē okulukile, okulukē kulukile, kulukē akulukanga okungalukanga kungalukanga
remote past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngāluka engāluka ngāluka angilukanga engingalukanga ngingalukanga
2nd singular wāluka owāluka wāluka awulukanga ongalukanga ungalukanga
1st plural sāluka esāluka sāluka asilukanga esingalukanga singalukanga
2nd plural nāluka enāluka nāluka anilukanga eningalukanga ningalukanga
class 1 wāluka owāluka āluka akalukanga ongalukanga engalukanga
class 2 bāluka abāluka bāluka abalukanga abangalukanga bengalukanga
class 3 wāluka owāluka wāluka awulukanga ongalukanga ungalukanga
class 4 yāluka eyāluka yāluka ayilukanga engalukanga ingalukanga
class 5 lāluka elāluka lāluka alilukanga elingalukanga lingalukanga
class 6 āluka āluka āluka awalukanga angalukanga engalukanga
class 7 sāluka esāluka sāluka asilukanga esingalukanga singalukanga
class 8 zāluka ezāluka zāluka azilukanga ezingalukanga zingalukanga
class 9 yāluka eyāluka yāluka ayilukanga engalukanga ingalukanga
class 10 zāluka ezāluka zāluka azilukanga ezingalukanga zingalukanga
class 11 lwāluka olwāluka lwāluka alulukanga olungalukanga lungalukanga
class 14 bāluka obāluka bāluka abulukanga obungalukanga bungalukanga
class 15 kwāluka okwāluka kwāluka akulukanga okungalukanga kungalukanga
class 17 kwāluka okwāluka kwāluka akulukanga okungalukanga kungalukanga
potential
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngingaluka — ngingaluka ngingeluke — ngingeluke
2nd singular ungaluka — ungaluka ungeluke — ungeluke
1st plural singaluka — singaluka singeluke — singeluke
2nd plural ningaluka — ningaluka ningeluke — ningeluke
class 1 angaluka — engaluka angeluke — engeluke
class 2 bangaluka — bengaluka bangeluke — bengeluke
class 3 ungaluka — ungaluka ungeluke — ungeluke
class 4 ingaluka — ingaluka ingeluke — ingeluke
class 5 lingaluka — lingaluka lingeluke — lingeluke
class 6 angaluka — engaluka angeluke — engeluke
class 7 singaluka — singaluka singeluke — singeluke
class 8 zingaluka — zingaluka zingeluke — zingeluke
class 9 ingaluka — ingaluka ingeluke — ingeluke
class 10 zingaluka — zingaluka zingeluke — zingeluke
class 11 lungaluka — lungaluka lungeluke — lungeluke
class 14 bungaluka — bungaluka bungeluke — bungeluke
class 15 kungaluka — kungaluka kungeluke — kungeluke
class 17 kungaluka — kungaluka kungeluke — kungeluke
immediate future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngizoluka engizoluka ngizoluka angizuluka engingezuluka ngingezuluka
2nd singular uzoluka ozoluka uzoluka awuzuluka ongezuluka ungezuluka
1st plural sizoluka esizoluka sizoluka asizuluka esingezuluka singezuluka
2nd plural nizoluka enizoluka nizoluka anizuluka eningezuluka ningezuluka
class 1 uzoluka ozoluka ezoluka akazuluka ongezuluka engezuluka
class 2 bazoluka abazoluka bezoluka abazuluka abangezuluka bengezuluka
class 3 uzoluka ozoluka uzoluka awuzuluka ongezuluka ungezuluka
class 4 izoluka ezoluka izoluka ayizuluka engezuluka ingezuluka
class 5 lizoluka elizoluka lizoluka alizuluka elingezuluka lingezuluka
class 6 azoluka azoluka ezoluka awazuluka angezuluka engezuluka
class 7 sizoluka esizoluka sizoluka asizuluka esingezuluka singezuluka
class 8 zizoluka ezizoluka zizoluka azizuluka ezingezuluka zingezuluka
class 9 izoluka ezoluka izoluka ayizuluka engezuluka ingezuluka
class 10 zizoluka ezizoluka zizoluka azizuluka ezingezuluka zingezuluka
class 11 luzoluka oluzoluka luzoluka aluzuluka olungezuluka lungezuluka
class 14 buzoluka obuzoluka buzoluka abuzuluka obungezuluka bungezuluka
class 15 kuzoluka okuzoluka kuzoluka akuzuluka okungezuluka kungezuluka
class 17 kuzoluka okuzoluka kuzoluka akuzuluka okungezuluka kungezuluka
remote future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyoluka engiyoluka ngiyoluka angiyuluka engingeyuluka ngingeyuluka
2nd singular uyoluka oyoluka uyoluka awuyuluka ongeyuluka ungeyuluka
1st plural siyoluka esiyoluka siyoluka asiyuluka esingeyuluka singeyuluka
2nd plural niyoluka eniyoluka niyoluka aniyuluka eningeyuluka ningeyuluka
class 1 uyoluka oyoluka eyoluka akayuluka ongeyuluka engeyuluka
class 2 bayoluka abayoluka beyoluka abayuluka abangeyuluka bengeyuluka
class 3 uyoluka oyoluka uyoluka awuyuluka ongeyuluka ungeyuluka
class 4 iyoluka eyoluka iyoluka ayiyuluka engeyuluka ingeyuluka
class 5 liyoluka eliyoluka liyoluka aliyuluka elingeyuluka lingeyuluka
class 6 ayoluka ayoluka eyoluka awayuluka angeyuluka engeyuluka
class 7 siyoluka esiyoluka siyoluka asiyuluka esingeyuluka singeyuluka
class 8 ziyoluka eziyoluka ziyoluka aziyuluka ezingeyuluka zingeyuluka
class 9 iyoluka eyoluka iyoluka ayiyuluka engeyuluka ingeyuluka
class 10 ziyoluka eziyoluka ziyoluka aziyuluka ezingeyuluka zingeyuluka
class 11 luyoluka oluyoluka luyoluka aluyuluka olungeyuluka lungeyuluka
class 14 buyoluka obuyoluka buyoluka abuyuluka obungeyuluka bungeyuluka
class 15 kuyoluka okuyoluka kuyoluka akuyuluka okungeyuluka kungeyuluka
class 17 kuyoluka okuyoluka kuyoluka akuyuluka okungeyuluka kungeyuluka
present subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngiluke ngingaluki
2nd singular uluke ungaluki
1st plural siluke singaluki
2nd plural niluke ningaluki
class 1 aluke angaluki
class 2 baluke bangaluki
class 3 uluke ungaluki
class 4 iluke ingaluki
class 5 liluke lingaluki
class 6 aluke angaluki
class 7 siluke singaluki
class 8 ziluke zingaluki
class 9 iluke ingaluki
class 10 ziluke zingaluki
class 11 luluke lungaluki
class 14 buluke bungaluki
class 15 kuluke kungaluki
class 17 kuluke kungaluki
past subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngaluka ngangaluka, angaluka, angangaluka
2nd singular waluka wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
1st plural saluka sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka
2nd plural naluka nangaluka, analuka, anangaluka
class 1 waluka wangaluka, akaluka, akangaluka
class 2 baluka bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka
class 3 waluka wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
class 4 yaluka yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka
class 5 laluka langaluka, alaluka, alangaluka
class 6 aluka angaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
class 7 saluka sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka
class 8 zaluka zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka
class 9 yaluka yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka
class 10 zaluka zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka
class 11 lwaluka lwangaluka, alwaluka, alwangaluka
class 14 baluka bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka
class 15 kwaluka kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka
class 17 kwaluka kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka

References

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