Egyptian
Etymology
Perhaps by metathesis from the earlier-attested nmnm (“to move about, to quiver”).
Pronunciation
Verb
4-lit.
- (intransitive) to move
- (intransitive) to move back and forth, to quake, to wobble
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60:
- ḫtw ḥr gmgm tꜣ ḥr mnmn
- Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.
- (transitive) to move
Inflection
Conjugation of mnmn (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: mnmn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
mnmn
|
mnmnw, mnmn
|
mnmnt
|
mnmn
|
mnmn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
mnmn
|
ḥr mnmn
|
m mnmn
|
r mnmn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
mnmn.n
|
mnmnw, mnmn
|
consecutive
|
mnmn.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
mnmnt
|
| perfective3
|
mnmn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
mnmn.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
mnmn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
mnmnw, mnmn
|
mnmnw, mnmn
|
potentialis1
|
mnmn.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
mnmn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
mnmn.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
mnmn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
mnmn
|
mnmn, mnmnw5, mnmny5
|
| imperfective
|
mnmn, mnmny, mnmnw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
mnmn, mnmnj6, mnmny6
|
mnmn, mnmnw5
|
| prospective
|
mnmn, mnmntj7
|
—
|
mnmnwtj1 4, mnmntj4, mnmnt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mnmn
|
|
| mnmn
|
| [since the New Kingdom]
|
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲛⲙⲉⲛ (monmen)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 80–81.15
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 109