nous
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: nous, IPA(key): /naʊs/
- Rhymes: -aʊs
Noun
nous (uncountable)
- (philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional
- 1900, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, On the Disastrous Spread of Aestheticism in all Classes:
- I feel the will to roam, to learn
By test, experience, nous,
That fire is hot and ocean deep,
And wolves carnivorous.
- In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation.
- Common sense; practical intelligence.
- 1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Uniform edition, Edward Arnold, Part I, I, page 19:
- There is nothing original in absent-mindedness. True originality lies elsewhere. Really, the lower classes have no nous.
- 2009, Michela Wrong, It’s Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle Blower:
- The emerging African elite felt little affection for the wahindi, seen as tight-fisted, snooty and brazenly colour-conscious, but its members knew they needed its business nous.
Related terms
Translations
Anagrams
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Adjective
nous
- masculine plural of nou (“new”)
Etymology 2
Noun
nous
- plural of nou (“nine”)
Etymology 3
Noun
nous
- plural of nou (“nut”)
Etymology 4
Verb
nous
- second-person singular present indicative of noure
French
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Middle French nous, from Old French nous, nos, from Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.
In several dialects of French, je may be used instead of nous (j'allons instead of nous allons, je voyons instead of nous voyons etc.), this use was perceived as peasant-like and thus often mocked since the 15th century (for example by Molière). However this use survived and spread in various regions of the so-called domaine d'oïl (linguistic area starting above Auvergne where the oïl varieties of Romance developed from the 4th or 5th century). The regions of France where this use of je (from Latin ego "I") instead of nous, nos (from Latin nos, "we") was recorded are Normandy, Romance-speaking Brittany, Poitou and Anjou, Champagne, Ardennes, Bourgogne and Franche-Comté, Dauphiné, Berry, Touraine, Orléanais, Bourbonnais, Maine. See cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin je and , Bourbonnais-Berrichon je and , Bourguignon i and , Champenois ju and , Franc-Comtois i and nôs, Gallo je and nouz, Lorrain nos, Norman je and nos, Orléanais je and , Picard nos, Poitevin-Saintongeais i/jhe and , Franco-Provençal nos, Occitan nosautres (Provençal nousautes), Catalan nosaltres, Corsican noi.
Pronoun
nous (first-person plural, singular je, object nous, emphatic nous, possessive determiner notre)
- the plural personal pronoun in the first person:
- (royal, historical) we (as the royal we)
Derived terms
- ce que c'est que de nous !
- entre nous
- nous autres
- nous de majesté
- nous-mêmes
See also
| number | person | gender | nominative (subject) |
accusative (direct complement) |
dative (indirect complement) |
locative (at) |
genitive (of) |
disjunctive (tonic)1 |
emphatic reflexive |
relative | proximal | distal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | moi-même | — | |||
| second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | toi-même | — | ||||
| third | masculine | il2 | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | lui-même | celui | celui-ci | celui-là | |
| feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | elle-même | celle | celle-ci | celle-là | |||||
| indeterminate | on3, l’on (formal), ce4, c’, ça | — | — | — | — | — | — | ce | ceci | cela, ça | ||
| reflexive | — | se, s’5 | — | — | soi | soi-même | — | |||||
| plural | first | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | nous-mêmes | — | |||
| second6 | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | vous-mêmes, vous-même6 |
— | ||||
| third | masculine | ils7 | les | leur | y | en | eux7 | eux-mêmes7 | ceux | ceux-ci | ceux-là | |
| feminine | elles | elles | elles-mêmes | celles | celles-ci | celles-là | ||||||
1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d‘, à, pour, chez, dans, vers, sur, sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
2 Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
3 On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
4 The nominal indeterminate form ce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verb être as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se or s’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
6 Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonic vous-mêmes becomes singular vous-même.
7 Ils, eux and eux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).
Noun
nous m (plural nous)
Further reading
- “nous”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French nous.
Pronoun
nous
Descendants
- French: nous
Old French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nus/
Pronoun
nous
- alternative form of nos
Picard
Etymology
From Old French nous.
Pronoun
nous