Fanagalo
Etymology
From Zulu inyonga, from Proto-Bantu *njóngà.
Noun
nyonga
- hip
- femur
Swahili
Pronunciation
Noun
nyonga class IX (plural nyonga class X)
- alternative form of unyonga
Noun
nyonga
- plural of unyonga
Verb
-nyonga (infinitive kunyonga)
- to strangle, throttle; hang
- (Sheng) to masturbate
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -nyonga
|
| Positive present
|
-nanyonga
|
| Subjunctive
|
-nyonge
|
| Negative
|
-nyongi
|
| Imperative singular
|
nyonga
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
nyonga
|
| Plural
|
nyongeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hunyonga
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -linyonga
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kunyonga
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nanyonga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninanyonga/nanyonga
|
tunanyonga
|
| 2nd person
|
unanyonga
|
mnanyonga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ananyonga
|
wananyonga
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nanyonga
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -nyongi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sinyongi
|
hatunyongi
|
| 2nd person
|
hunyongi
|
hamnyongi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hanyongi
|
hawanyongi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -nyongi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tanyonga
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tanyonga
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -nyonge)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninyonge
|
tunyonge
|
| 2nd person
|
unyonge
|
mnyonge
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anyonge
|
wanyonge
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nyonge
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sinyonge
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngenyonga
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singenyonga
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalinyonga
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalinyonga
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -anyonga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nanyonga
|
twanyonga
|
| 2nd person
|
wanyonga
|
mwanyonga
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anyonga
|
wanyonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wanyonga
|
yanyonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lanyonga
|
yanyonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chanyonga
|
vyanyonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yanyonga
|
zanyonga
|
| u(XI)
|
wanyonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwanyonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
panyonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwanyonga
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -menyonga
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshanyonga
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -janyonga
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kinyonga
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siponyonga
|
| Consecutive
|
kanyonga / positive subject concord + -kanyonga
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kanyonge
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-ninyonga
|
-tunyonga
|
| 2nd person
|
-kunyonga
|
-wanyonga/-kunyongeni/-wanyongeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mnyonga
|
-wanyonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-unyonga
|
-inyonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-linyonga
|
-yanyonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kinyonga
|
-vinyonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-inyonga
|
-zinyonga
|
| u(XI)
|
-unyonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kunyonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-panyonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-munyonga
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jinyonga
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -nyonga- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-nyongaye
|
-nyongao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-nyongao
|
-nyongayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-nyongalo
|
-nyongayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-nyongacho
|
-nyongavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-nyongayo
|
-nyongazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-nyongao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-nyongako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-nyongapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-nyongamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -nyonga)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yenyonga
|
-onyonga
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-onyonga
|
-yonyonga
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lonyonga
|
-yonyonga
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chonyonga
|
-vyonyonga
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yonyonga
|
-zonyonga
|
| u(XI)
|
-onyonga
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-konyonga
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ponyonga
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-monyonga
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
Tumbuka
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *njóngà. The Bantu Lexical Reconstruction 3 doesn't say that this word is distributed in region N, so it is possible that Tumbuka borrowed the word from another language, or that zone N was left out.
Noun
nyonga class 9 (plural nyonga class 10)
- pelvis, hip bone
References
- Wm. Y. Turner, Tumbuka/Tonga-English and English-Tumbuka/Tonga Dictionary, 1996