Swahili
Etymology
From orodha + -isha (causative affix).
Pronunciation
Verb
-orodhesha (infinitive kuorodhesha)
- Causative form of orodha: to list, enumerate, catalogue, itemize
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -orodhesha
|
| Positive present
|
-naorodhesha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-orodheshe
|
| Negative
|
-orodheshi
|
| Imperative singular
|
orodhesha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
orodhesha
|
| Plural
|
orodhesheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huorodhesha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liorodhesha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuorodhesha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naorodhesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaorodhesha/naorodhesha
|
tunaorodhesha
|
| 2nd person
|
unaorodhesha
|
mnaorodhesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaorodhesha
|
wanaorodhesha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naorodhesha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -orodheshi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siorodheshi
|
hatuorodheshi
|
| 2nd person
|
huorodheshi
|
hamworodheshi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haorodheshi
|
hawaorodheshi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -orodheshi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taorodhesha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taorodhesha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -orodheshe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niorodheshe
|
tuorodheshe
|
| 2nd person
|
uorodheshe
|
mworodheshe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aorodheshe
|
waorodheshe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -orodheshe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siorodheshe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeorodhesha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeorodhesha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliorodhesha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliorodhesha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aorodhesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naorodhesha
|
twaorodhesha
|
| 2nd person
|
waorodhesha
|
mwaorodhesha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aorodhesha
|
waorodhesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waorodhesha
|
yaorodhesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laorodhesha
|
yaorodhesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaorodhesha
|
vyaorodhesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaorodhesha
|
zaorodhesha
|
| u(XI)
|
waorodhesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaorodhesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paorodhesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaorodhesha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meorodhesha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaorodhesha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaorodhesha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiorodhesha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoorodhesha
|
| Consecutive
|
kaorodhesha / positive subject concord + -kaorodhesha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaorodheshe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niorodhesha
|
-tuorodhesha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuorodhesha
|
-waorodhesha/-kuorodhesheni/-waorodhesheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mworodhesha
|
-waorodhesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uorodhesha
|
-iorodhesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liorodhesha
|
-yaorodhesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiorodhesha
|
-viorodhesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iorodhesha
|
-ziorodhesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-uorodhesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuorodhesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paorodhesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muorodhesha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiorodhesha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -orodhesha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-orodheshaye
|
-orodheshao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orodheshao
|
-orodheshayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-orodheshalo
|
-orodheshayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-orodheshacho
|
-orodheshavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-orodheshayo
|
-orodheshazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-orodheshao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-orodheshako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-orodheshapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-orodheshamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -orodhesha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeorodhesha
|
-oorodhesha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oorodhesha
|
-yoorodhesha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loorodhesha
|
-yoorodhesha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choorodhesha
|
-vyoorodhesha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoorodhesha
|
-zoorodhesha
|
| u(XI)
|
-oorodhesha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koorodhesha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poorodhesha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moorodhesha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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