Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-pangana (infinitive kupangana)
- Reciprocal form of -panga
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pangana
|
| Positive present
|
-napangana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pangane
|
| Negative
|
-pangani
|
| Imperative singular
|
pangana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pangana
|
| Plural
|
panganeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupangana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipangana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupangana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napangana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapangana/napangana
|
tunapangana
|
| 2nd person
|
unapangana
|
mnapangana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapangana
|
wanapangana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napangana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pangani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipangani
|
hatupangani
|
| 2nd person
|
hupangani
|
hampangani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapangani
|
hawapangani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pangani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapangana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapangana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pangane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipangane
|
tupangane
|
| 2nd person
|
upangane
|
mpangane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apangane
|
wapangane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pangane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipangane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepangana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepangana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipangana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipangana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apangana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napangana
|
twapangana
|
| 2nd person
|
wapangana
|
mwapangana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apangana
|
wapangana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapangana
|
yapangana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapangana
|
yapangana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapangana
|
vyapangana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapangana
|
zapangana
|
| u(XI)
|
wapangana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapangana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papangana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapangana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepangana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapangana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japangana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipangana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopangana
|
| Consecutive
|
kapangana / positive subject concord + -kapangana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapangane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -pangana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-panganaye
|
-panganao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-panganao
|
-panganayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-panganalo
|
-panganayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-panganacho
|
-panganavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-panganayo
|
-panganazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-panganao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-panganako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-panganapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-panganamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -pangana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepangana
|
-opangana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opangana
|
-yopangana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopangana
|
-yopangana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopangana
|
-vyopangana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopangana
|
-zopangana
|
| u(XI)
|
-opangana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopangana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popangana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopangana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|