Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-paswa (infinitive kupaswa)
- Passive form of -pasa: to be obliged; should
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -paswa
|
| Positive present
|
-napaswa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-paswe
|
| Negative
|
-paswi
|
| Imperative singular
|
paswa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kupaswa
|
| Negative
|
kutopaswa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
paswa
|
| Plural
|
pasweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupaswa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipaswa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupaswa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napaswa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapaswa/napaswa
|
tunapaswa
|
| 2nd person
|
unapaswa
|
mnapaswa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapaswa
|
wanapaswa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napaswa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -paswi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipaswi
|
hatupaswi
|
| 2nd person
|
hupaswi
|
hampaswi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapaswi
|
hawapaswi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -paswi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapaswa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapaswa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -paswe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipaswe
|
tupaswe
|
| 2nd person
|
upaswe
|
mpaswe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apaswe
|
wapaswe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -paswe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipaswe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepaswa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepaswa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipaswa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipaswa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apaswa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napaswa
|
twapaswa
|
| 2nd person
|
wapaswa
|
mwapaswa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apaswa
|
wapaswa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapaswa
|
yapaswa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapaswa
|
yapaswa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapaswa
|
vyapaswa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapaswa
|
zapaswa
|
| u(XI)
|
wapaswa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapaswa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papaswa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapaswa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepaswa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapaswa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japaswa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipaswa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopaswa
|
| Consecutive
|
kapaswa / positive subject concord + -kapaswa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapaswe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipaswa
|
-tupaswa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupaswa
|
-wapaswa/-kupasweni/-wapasweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpaswa
|
-wapaswa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upaswa
|
-ipaswa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipaswa
|
-yapaswa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipaswa
|
-vipaswa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipaswa
|
-zipaswa
|
| u(XI)
|
-upaswa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupaswa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papaswa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupaswa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipaswa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -paswa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-paswaye
|
-paswao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-paswao
|
-paswayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-paswalo
|
-paswayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-paswacho
|
-paswavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-paswayo
|
-paswazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-paswao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-paswako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paswapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-paswamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -paswa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepaswa
|
-opaswa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opaswa
|
-yopaswa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopaswa
|
-yopaswa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopaswa
|
-vyopaswa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopaswa
|
-zopaswa
|
| u(XI)
|
-opaswa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopaswa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popaswa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopaswa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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