Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-punguza (infinitive kupunguza)
- Causative form of -pungua: to reduce, to lower, to decrease, to diminish
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -punguza
|
| Positive present
|
-napunguza
|
| Subjunctive
|
-punguze
|
| Negative
|
-punguzi
|
| Imperative singular
|
punguza
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
punguza
|
| Plural
|
punguzeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupunguza
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipunguza
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupunguza
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napunguza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapunguza/napunguza
|
tunapunguza
|
| 2nd person
|
unapunguza
|
mnapunguza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapunguza
|
wanapunguza
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napunguza
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -punguzi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipunguzi
|
hatupunguzi
|
| 2nd person
|
hupunguzi
|
hampunguzi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapunguzi
|
hawapunguzi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -punguzi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapunguza
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapunguza
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -punguze)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipunguze
|
tupunguze
|
| 2nd person
|
upunguze
|
mpunguze
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apunguze
|
wapunguze
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -punguze
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipunguze
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepunguza
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepunguza
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipunguza
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipunguza
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apunguza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napunguza
|
twapunguza
|
| 2nd person
|
wapunguza
|
mwapunguza
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apunguza
|
wapunguza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapunguza
|
yapunguza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapunguza
|
yapunguza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapunguza
|
vyapunguza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapunguza
|
zapunguza
|
| u(XI)
|
wapunguza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapunguza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papunguza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapunguza
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepunguza
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapunguza
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japunguza
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipunguza
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopunguza
|
| Consecutive
|
kapunguza / positive subject concord + -kapunguza
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapunguze
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nipunguza
|
-tupunguza
|
| 2nd person
|
-kupunguza
|
-wapunguza/-kupunguzeni/-wapunguzeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mpunguza
|
-wapunguza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-upunguza
|
-ipunguza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lipunguza
|
-yapunguza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kipunguza
|
-vipunguza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ipunguza
|
-zipunguza
|
| u(XI)
|
-upunguza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kupunguza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-papunguza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mupunguza
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jipunguza
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -punguza- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-punguzaye
|
-punguzao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-punguzao
|
-punguzayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-punguzalo
|
-punguzayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-punguzacho
|
-punguzavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-punguzayo
|
-punguzazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-punguzao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-punguzako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-punguzapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-punguzamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -punguza)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepunguza
|
-opunguza
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opunguza
|
-yopunguza
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopunguza
|
-yopunguza
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopunguza
|
-vyopunguza
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopunguza
|
-zopunguza
|
| u(XI)
|
-opunguza
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopunguza
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popunguza
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopunguza
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms