raer
Galician
Alternative forms
- raír, reer
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese reer, raer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rādere. Cognate with Portuguese reer and Spanish raer. Compare English raze.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/
Verb
raer (first-person singular present raio, first-person singular preterite raín, past participle raído)
- (transitive) to scrape, skim, shave
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:
- Para esto ual reer o lugar jnchado et çercallo de semesugas para liurar ende o sange que y ha para seyr fora
- For this is valid to shave the swollen place and then to encircle it with leeches, so freeing the blood that is there, letting it go out
- to scythe
- to flatten, raze; to lay bare
- (impersonal) to clear up
Conjugation
Conjugation of raer (irregular)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | raer | |||||
| Personal | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| raendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | raído | raídos | ||||
| Feminine | raída | raídas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | raio | raes | rae | raemos | raedes | raen |
| Imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raïamos | raïades | raían |
| Preterite | raín | raíches | raeu | raemos | raestes | raeron |
| Pluperfect | raera | raeras | raera | raeramos | raerades | raeran |
| Future | raerei | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeredes | raerán |
| Conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeriamos | raeriades | raerían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | raia | raias | raia | raiamos | raiades | raian |
| Imperfect | raese | raeses | raese | raésemos | raésedes | raesen |
| Future | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | rae | raia | raiamos | raede | raian | |
| Negative (non) | non raias | non raia | non raiamos | non raiades | non raian | |
Related terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “raer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “reer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “rraer”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “raer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “raer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “raer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Adjective
râer
Inflection
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| nominative | indefinite | raer | raere | raer | raere |
| definite | raere | raere | |||
| accusative | indefinite | raeren | raere | raer | raere |
| definite | raere | ||||
| genitive | indefinite | raers | raerre | raers | raerre |
| definite | raers, raeren | raers, raeren | |||
| dative | raeren | raerre | raeren | raeren | |
Descendants
- Dutch: raar
Further reading
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “raer”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish raer, from Latin rādere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/ [raˈeɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: ra‧er
Verb
raer (first-person singular present raigo or rayo, first-person singular preterite raí, past participle raído)
- (rare) to scrape, fray, abrade
- Synonym: raspar
- 1926, Roberto Arlt, “Judas Iscariote”, in El juguete rabioso:
- Más allá las mondongueras raen los amarillentos mondongos en el estaño de sus mostradores, o cuelgan de los ganchos inmensos hígados rojos.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (rare) to remove completely
Conjugation
Conjugation of raer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | raer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | rayendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | raído | raída | |||||
| plural | raídos | raídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | raigo, rayo | raestú raésvos |
rae | raemos | raéis | raen | |
| imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raíamos | raíais | raían | |
| preterite | raí | raíste | rayó | raímos | raísteis | rayeron | |
| future | raeré | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeréis | raerán | |
| conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeríamos | raeríais | raerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | raiga, raya | raigas, rayastú raigás, rayásvos2 |
raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raigáis, rayáis | raigan, rayan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
rayera | rayeras | rayera | rayéramos | rayerais | rayeran | |
| imperfect (se) |
rayese | rayeses | rayese | rayésemos | rayeseis | rayesen | |
| future1 | rayere | rayeres | rayere | rayéremos | rayereis | rayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | raetú raévos |
raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raed | raigan, rayan | ||
| negative | no raigas, no rayas | no raiga, no raya | no raigamos, no rayamos | no raigáis, no rayáis | no raigan, no rayan | ||
Selected combined forms of raer (irregular)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive raer | dative | raerme | raerte | raerle, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerles, raerse |
| accusative | raerme | raerte | raerlo, raerla, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerlos, raerlas, raerse | |
| with gerund rayendo | dative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndole, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndoles, rayéndose |
| accusative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndolo, rayéndola, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndolos, rayéndolas, rayéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative rae | dative | ráeme | ráete | ráele | ráenos | not used | ráeles |
| accusative | ráeme | ráete | ráelo, ráela | ráenos | not used | ráelos, ráelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative raé | dative | raeme | raete | raele | raenos | not used | raeles |
| accusative | raeme | raete | raelo, raela | raenos | not used | raelos, raelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative raiga, raya | dative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigale, ráyale, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigales, ráyales |
| accusative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigalo, ráyalo, ráigala, ráyala, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigalos, ráyalos, ráigalas, ráyalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative raigamos, rayamos | dative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámosle, rayámosle | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámosles, rayámosles |
| accusative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámoslo, rayámoslo, raigámosla, rayámosla | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámoslos, rayámoslos, raigámoslas, rayámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative raed | dative | raedme | not used | raedle | raednos | raeos | raedles |
| accusative | raedme | not used | raedlo, raedla | raednos | raeos | raedlos, raedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative raigan, rayan | dative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganle, ráyanle | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganles, ráyanles, ráiganse, ráyanse |
| accusative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganlo, ráyanlo, ráiganla, ráyanla | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganlos, ráyanlos, ráiganlas, ráyanlas, ráiganse, ráyanse | |
Related terms
Further reading
- “raer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024