raudus
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑu̯dus/, [ˈrɑ̝u̯dus̠]
- Rhymes: -ɑudus
- Syllabification(key): rau‧dus
- Hyphenation(key): rau‧dus
Noun
raudus
- clipping of rauduskoivu
Declension
| Inflection of raudus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | raudus | raudukset | |
| genitive | rauduksen | raudusten rauduksien | |
| partitive | raudusta | rauduksia | |
| illative | raudukseen | rauduksiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | raudus | raudukset | |
| accusative | nom. | raudus | raudukset |
| gen. | rauduksen | ||
| genitive | rauduksen | raudusten rauduksien | |
| partitive | raudusta | rauduksia | |
| inessive | rauduksessa | rauduksissa | |
| elative | rauduksesta | rauduksista | |
| illative | raudukseen | rauduksiin | |
| adessive | rauduksella | rauduksilla | |
| ablative | raudukselta | rauduksilta | |
| allative | raudukselle | rauduksille | |
| essive | rauduksena | rauduksina | |
| translative | raudukseksi | rauduksiksi | |
| abessive | rauduksetta | rauduksitta | |
| instructive | — | rauduksin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of raudus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Latin
Alternative forms
- rōdus
- rūdus
Etymology
Uncertain. Traditionally derived from either of the Proto-Indo-European roots *(h₃)rew-d- (“to tear up, dig up”) or *gʰrew-d- (“gravel, stone”), along with rūdus (“debris, rubble”) and rudis (“rough, raw”); modern scholars however tend to deem this phonetically impossible. Rather, to be considered a substrate word and compared with Proto-West Germanic *arut (“ore”), along with perhaps Sumerian 𒍏 (urud, “copper”); this latter theory is supported by Kroonen.[1] De Vaan, on the other hand, considers this a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), albeit loaned from a likely-extinct Indo-European branch.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈrau̯.dʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈraːu̯.d̪us]
Noun
raudus n (genitive rauderis); third declension
- a rude mass, a rough piece, a lump, especially of metal or ore
- (particularly) a piece of brass or bronze
- (especially) a piece of brass or bronze used as a coin
- (figuratively) a brass or bronze coin
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | raudus | raudera |
| genitive | rauderis | rauderum |
| dative | rauderī | rauderibus |
| accusative | raudus | raudera |
| ablative | raudere | rauderibus |
| vocative | raudus | raudera |
Derived terms
- raudusculus
References
- ^ Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy[1], Amsterdam/Atlanta, page 308
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “raudus, -eris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 515
Further reading
- “raudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- raudus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Latvian
Noun
raudus m
- (dialectal) accusative plural of rauds
Adjective
raudus
- (dialectal) accusative masculine plural of rauds