Swahili
Verb
-refushwa (infinitive kurefushwa)
- Passive form of -refusha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -refushwa
|
| Positive present
|
-narefushwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-refushwe
|
| Negative
|
-refushwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
refushwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
refushwa
|
| Plural
|
refushweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurefushwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirefushwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurefushwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narefushwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarefushwa/narefushwa
|
tunarefushwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unarefushwa
|
mnarefushwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarefushwa
|
wanarefushwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narefushwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -refushwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirefushwi
|
haturefushwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hurefushwi
|
hamrefushwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harefushwi
|
hawarefushwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -refushwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarefushwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarefushwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -refushwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirefushwe
|
turefushwe
|
| 2nd person
|
urefushwe
|
mrefushwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arefushwe
|
warefushwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -refushwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirefushwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerefushwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerefushwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirefushwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirefushwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arefushwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narefushwa
|
twarefushwa
|
| 2nd person
|
warefushwa
|
mwarefushwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arefushwa
|
warefushwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warefushwa
|
yarefushwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larefushwa
|
yarefushwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charefushwa
|
vyarefushwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarefushwa
|
zarefushwa
|
| u(XI)
|
warefushwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarefushwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parefushwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarefushwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merefushwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharefushwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarefushwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirefushwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporefushwa
|
| Consecutive
|
karefushwa / positive subject concord + -karefushwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karefushwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirefushwa
|
-turefushwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurefushwa
|
-warefushwa/-kurefushweni/-warefushweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrefushwa
|
-warefushwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urefushwa
|
-irefushwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirefushwa
|
-yarefushwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirefushwa
|
-virefushwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irefushwa
|
-zirefushwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-urefushwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurefushwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parefushwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murefushwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirefushwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -refushwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-refushwaye
|
-refushwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-refushwao
|
-refushwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-refushwalo
|
-refushwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-refushwacho
|
-refushwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-refushwayo
|
-refushwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-refushwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-refushwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-refushwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-refushwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -refushwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerefushwa
|
-orefushwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orefushwa
|
-yorefushwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorefushwa
|
-yorefushwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorefushwa
|
-vyorefushwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorefushwa
|
-zorefushwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-orefushwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korefushwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porefushwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morefushwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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