ringor

Latin

Etymology

Of unclear origin, probably from a Proto-Indo-European *wreng- (“to turn, curve”), and compared to Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną (“to wring, twist”),^[1] though the Germanic is thought to be an internal derivation from a different verb which cannot be cognate via application of sound laws.

Less likely, a pre-Latin but post-Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeic formation, compare Ancient Greek ῥέγκω (rhénkō, “to snore”).^[2] See also Proto-Slavic *reťi (“to cut, crack”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈrɪŋ.ɡɔr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈriŋ.ɡor]

Verb

ringor (present infinitive ringī, perfect active rictus sum); third conjugation, deponent

to snarl
to be vexed, angry

Conjugation

Conjugation of ringor (third conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	ringor	ringeris, ringere		ringitur	ringimur	ringiminī		ringuntur
	imperfect	ringēbar	ringēbāris, ringēbāre		ringēbātur	ringēbāmur	ringēbāminī		ringēbantur
	future	ringar	ringēris, ringēre		ringētur	ringēmur	ringēminī		ringentur
	perfect	rictus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rictus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rictus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	ringar	ringāris, ringāre		ringātur	ringāmur	ringāminī		ringantur
	imperfect	ringerer	ringerēris, ringerēre		ringerētur	ringerēmur	ringerēminī		ringerentur
	perfect	rictus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rictus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	ringere		—	—	ringiminī		—
active	future	—	ringitor		ringitor	—	—		ringuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		ringī		—		ringēns		—
future		rictūrum esse		—		rictūrus		ringendus, ringundus
perfect		rictum esse		—		rictus		—
future perfect		rictum fore		—		—		—
perfect potential		rictūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		ringendī	ringendō		ringendum	ringendō	rictum		rictū

Derived terms

Descendants

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ringulāre
- Italian: ringhiare

Reflexes of an assumed variant *ringīre:

Catalan: renyir
Friulian: réndzi
Italian: rignare
Old Galician-Portuguese: renger
- Galician: renxer
- Portuguese: ranger
Portuguese: renhir
>? Romanian: rânji = rîngi^[3]
Spanish: reñir

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ringor, -ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524
^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “ringor”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 436
^ According to Gustav Körting.