Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-rudisha (infinitive kurudisha)
- Causative form of -rudia: to return something, to give back
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -rudisha
|
| Positive present
|
-narudisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-rudishe
|
| Negative
|
-rudishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
rudisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
rudisha
|
| Plural
|
rudisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurudisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirudisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurudisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarudisha/narudisha
|
tunarudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unarudisha
|
mnarudisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarudisha
|
wanarudisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narudisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirudishi
|
haturudishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hurudishi
|
hamrudishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harudishi
|
hawarudishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -rudishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarudisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarudisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirudishe
|
turudishe
|
| 2nd person
|
urudishe
|
mrudishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudishe
|
warudishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -rudishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirudishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerudisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerudisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirudisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirudisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narudisha
|
twarudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
warudisha
|
mwarudisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arudisha
|
warudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warudisha
|
yarudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larudisha
|
yarudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charudisha
|
vyarudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarudisha
|
zarudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
warudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarudisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merudisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharudisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarudisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirudisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporudisha
|
| Consecutive
|
karudisha / positive subject concord + -karudisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karudishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirudisha
|
-turudisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurudisha
|
-warudisha/-kurudisheni/-warudisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrudisha
|
-warudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urudisha
|
-irudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirudisha
|
-yarudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirudisha
|
-virudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irudisha
|
-zirudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-urudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murudisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirudisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-rudishaye
|
-rudishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-rudishao
|
-rudishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-rudishalo
|
-rudishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-rudishacho
|
-rudishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-rudishayo
|
-rudishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-rudishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-rudishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-rudishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-rudishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerudisha
|
-orudisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orudisha
|
-yorudisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorudisha
|
-yorudisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorudisha
|
-vyorudisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorudisha
|
-zorudisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-orudisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korudisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porudisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morudisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms