runo

See also: rúno and Rūnõ

Esperanto

Etymology

From English rune, German Rune, and similar terms.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈruno/
  • Rhymes: -uno
  • Hyphenation: ru‧no

Noun

runo (accusative singular runon, plural runoj, accusative plural runojn)

  1. rune

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *runo, borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Compare English rune and Swedish runa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
  • Rhymes: -uno
  • Syllabification(key): ru‧no
  • Hyphenation(key): ru‧no

Noun

runo

  1. poem (piece of poetry)
  2. synonym of runous (“poetry”)
  3. rune (only in the rare sense of a Finnish poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)

Declension

Inflection of runo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative runo runot
genitive runon runojen
partitive runoa runoja
illative runoon runoihin
singular plural
nominative runo runot
accusative nom. runo runot
gen. runon
genitive runon runojen
partitive runoa runoja
inessive runossa runoissa
elative runosta runoista
illative runoon runoihin
adessive runolla runoilla
ablative runolta runoilta
allative runolle runoille
essive runona runoina
translative runoksi runoiksi
abessive runotta runoitta
instructive — runoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of runo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative runoni runoni
accusative nom. runoni runoni
gen. runoni
genitive runoni runojeni
partitive runoani runojani
inessive runossani runoissani
elative runostani runoistani
illative runooni runoihini
adessive runollani runoillani
ablative runoltani runoiltani
allative runolleni runoilleni
essive runonani runoinani
translative runokseni runoikseni
abessive runottani runoittani
instructive — —
comitative — runoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative runosi runosi
accusative nom. runosi runosi
gen. runosi
genitive runosi runojesi
partitive runoasi runojasi
inessive runossasi runoissasi
elative runostasi runoistasi
illative runoosi runoihisi
adessive runollasi runoillasi
ablative runoltasi runoiltasi
allative runollesi runoillesi
essive runonasi runoinasi
translative runoksesi runoiksesi
abessive runottasi runoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — runoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative runomme runomme
accusative nom. runomme runomme
gen. runomme
genitive runomme runojemme
partitive runoamme runojamme
inessive runossamme runoissamme
elative runostamme runoistamme
illative runoomme runoihimme
adessive runollamme runoillamme
ablative runoltamme runoiltamme
allative runollemme runoillemme
essive runonamme runoinamme
translative runoksemme runoiksemme
abessive runottamme runoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — runoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative runonne runonne
accusative nom. runonne runonne
gen. runonne
genitive runonne runojenne
partitive runoanne runojanne
inessive runossanne runoissanne
elative runostanne runoistanne
illative runoonne runoihinne
adessive runollanne runoillanne
ablative runoltanne runoiltanne
allative runollenne runoillenne
essive runonanne runoinanne
translative runoksenne runoiksenne
abessive runottanne runoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — runoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative runonsa runonsa
accusative nom. runonsa runonsa
gen. runonsa
genitive runonsa runojensa
partitive runoaan
runoansa 		runojaan
runojansa
inessive runossaan
runossansa 		runoissaan
runoissansa
elative runostaan
runostansa 		runoistaan
runoistansa
illative runoonsa runoihinsa
adessive runollaan
runollansa 		runoillaan
runoillansa
ablative runoltaan
runoltansa 		runoiltaan
runoiltansa
allative runolleen
runollensa 		runoilleen
runoillensa
essive runonaan
runonansa 		runoinaan
runoinansa
translative runokseen
runoksensa 		runoikseen
runoiksensa
abessive runottaan
runottansa 		runoittaan
runoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — runoineen
runoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

Descendants

  • → Ingrian: runo

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Finnish runo.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈruno/, [ˈruno̞]
  • Rhymes: -uno
  • Hyphenation: ru‧no

Noun

runo

  1. rune (Finnic poem)
    • 1934, V. I. Junus, Lukukirja inkeroisia oppikoteja vart (neljäs klassa), Leningrad: Riikin Izdatelstvo Kirja, page 3:
      Senen peräst kyläs laahittii kaaskoja, arvotuksia, laululoja, runoloja.
      Because of this in the villages they devised fairy tales, riddles, songs, runes.

Declension

Declension of runo (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative runo runot
genitive runon runnoin, runoloin
partitive runnoa runoja, runoloja
illative runnoo runnoi, runoloihe
inessive runos runois, runolois
elative runost runoist, runoloist
allative runolle runoille, runoloille
adessive runol runoil, runoloil
ablative runolt runoilt, runoloilt
translative runoks runoiks, runoloiks
essive runonna, runnoon runoinna, runoloinna, runnoin, runoloin
exessive1) runont runoint, runoloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈru.nɔ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -unɔ
  • Syllabification: ru‧no

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

Noun

runo n

  1. fleece
  2. undergrowth (in a forest)
Declension
Declension of runo
singular plural
nominative runo runa
genitive runa run
dative runu runom
accusative runo runa
instrumental runem runami
locative runie runach
vocative runo runa
Derived terms
adjective

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

runo f

  1. vocative singular of runa

Further reading

  • runo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • runo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Anagrams

Proto-Norse

Romanization

runo

  1. romanization of ᚱᚢᚾᛟ

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *runo.

Noun

rȗno n (Cyrillic spelling ру̑но)

  1. fleece
Declension
Declension of runo
singular plural
nominative runo runa
genitive runa runa
dative runu runima
accusative runo runa
vocative runo runa
locative runu runima
instrumental runom runima

Further reading

  • “runo”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

runo (Cyrillic spelling руно)

  1. vocative singular of runa

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *runo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rùːnɔ/, /rúːnɔ/

Noun

rūno n

  1. fleece

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Neuter, hard
nominative rúno
genitive rúna
singular
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		rúno
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		rúna
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		rúnu
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		rúno
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		rúnu
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		rúnom

Further reading

  • “runo”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From runa (“rune”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈruno/ [ˈru.no]
  • Rhymes: -uno
  • Syllabification: ru‧no

Adjective

runo (feminine runa, masculine plural runos, feminine plural runas)

  1. (obsolete) runic
    Synonym: rúnico

Further reading

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *runo, borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo). Cognates include Finnish runo.

Noun

runo

  1. poem
  2. rune (Finnic poem)

Inflection

Inflection of runo (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. runo
genitive sing. runon
partitive sing. runod
partitive plur. runoid
singular plural
nominative runo runod
accusative runon runod
genitive runon runoiden
partitive runod runoid
essive-instructive runon runoin
translative runoks runoikš
inessive runos runoiš
elative runospäi runoišpäi
illative runoho runoihe
adessive runol runoil
ablative runolpäi runoilpäi
allative runole runoile
abessive runota runoita
comitative runonke runoidenke
prolative runodme runoidme
approximative I runonno runoidenno
approximative II runonnoks runoidennoks
egressive runonnopäi runoidennopäi
terminative I runohosai runoihesai
terminative II runolesai runoilesai
terminative III runossai —
additive I runohopäi runoihepäi
additive II runolepäi runoilepäi

References

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “руна, стихотворение”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
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