Swahili
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-sambaa (infinitive kusambaa)
- to spread, to be dispersed, to be scattered
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -sambaa
|
| Positive present
|
-nasambaa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-sambae
|
| Negative
|
-sambai
|
| Imperative singular
|
sambaa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
sambaa
|
| Plural
|
sambaeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husambaa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisambaa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusambaa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasambaa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasambaa/nasambaa
|
tunasambaa
|
| 2nd person
|
unasambaa
|
mnasambaa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasambaa
|
wanasambaa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasambaa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -sambai)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisambai
|
hatusambai
|
| 2nd person
|
husambai
|
hamsambai
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasambai
|
hawasambai
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -sambai
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasambaa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasambaa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sambae)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisambae
|
tusambae
|
| 2nd person
|
usambae
|
msambae
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asambae
|
wasambae
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -sambae
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisambae
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesambaa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesambaa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisambaa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisambaa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asambaa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasambaa
|
twasambaa
|
| 2nd person
|
wasambaa
|
mwasambaa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asambaa
|
wasambaa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasambaa
|
yasambaa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasambaa
|
yasambaa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasambaa
|
vyasambaa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasambaa
|
zasambaa
|
| u(XI)
|
wasambaa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasambaa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasambaa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasambaa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesambaa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasambaa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasambaa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisambaa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposambaa
|
| Consecutive
|
kasambaa / positive subject concord + -kasambaa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasambae
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -sambaa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-sambaaye
|
-sambaao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-sambaao
|
-sambaayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-sambaalo
|
-sambaayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-sambaacho
|
-sambaavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-sambaayo
|
-sambaazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-sambaao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-sambaako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-sambaapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-sambaamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -sambaa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesambaa
|
-osambaa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osambaa
|
-yosambaa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losambaa
|
-yosambaa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosambaa
|
-vyosambaa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosambaa
|
-zosambaa
|
| u(XI)
|
-osambaa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosambaa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posambaa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosambaa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms