scunian

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain;[1][2] despite the lack of secure Germanic cognates (though compare scunner, which may derive from a Old Norse *skuna), possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), as either a nasal-present *skunéHti identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”) or a later inner-Germanic formation,[3] through either Proto-Germanic *skunjaną, Proto-West Germanic *skunnjan (if the variant sċynian shows that this verb was formerly a weak j-present[4]) or *skunōną, *skunōn (if the variant sċynian exhibits a development /ʃu/ > /ʃy/ as potentially seen in Northumbrian Old English sćylun (“we must”)[5]).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʃu.ni.ɑn/

Verb

sċunian

  1. to hide or flee from; to avoid[1][6]
  2. to be scared of[1][6]
  3. to hate; abhor; detest[1][6]

Conjugation

Conjugation of sċunian (weak, class 2)
infinitive sċunian sċunienne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular sċuniġe sċunode
second person singular sċunast sċunodest
third person singular sċunaþ sċunode
plural sċuniaþ sċunodon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular sċuniġe sċunode
plural sċuniġen sċunoden
imperative
singular sċuna
plural sċuniaþ
participle present past
sċuniende (ġe)sċunod

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle English: schonen
    • English: shun
    • Middle Scots: schune, schunne
    • ⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt
      • English: shunt (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Shun”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume VIII, Part 2 (S–Sh), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 792, column 1.
  2. ^ * Ferdinand Holthausen (1963) [1934] “sċunian”, in Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 285: “unbek. Herk.”
  3. ^ Corrina Scheungraber (1 April 2010) Die Entwicklung der urindogermanischen Nasalpräsentien im Germanischen (Term paper) (Mubahis: Münchener Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Historischen Sprachwissenschaft; 2)‎[1], München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, →DOI, page 236
  4. ^ Mirjam Marti Heinzle (25 November 2019) ābandēn bis zwirnēn: Eine Untersuchung der althochdeutschen ēn-Verben (Dissertation)‎[2], Universität Zürich, →DOI, page 12
  5. ^ Alfred Bammesberger (1986) Linguistic Notes on Old English Poetic Texts (Anglistische Forschungen; 189), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, →ISBN, page 107: “sḱul- might then have developed an on-glide -j- (*sḱul > sḱjul-), and *sḱjul could have led to *sḱiul- (accent shift) > sḱyl- (written scyl-).”
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sċunian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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