septimus

• 7mus

From Proto-Italic *septVmos from Proto-Indo-European *septmós. By surface analysis, septem (“seven”) +‎ -us.

Cognates include Old Church Slavonic седмъ (sedmŭ) (< *sebdmъ < *septmъ) and the proper name Septimius, from a modification of Septimus.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsɛp.tɪ.mʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsɛp.t̪i.mus]

septimus (feminine septima, neuter septimum); first/second-declension numeral

1. seventh

First/second-declension adjective.

septimus m sg (genitive septimī); second declension

1. short for septimus cāsus, a seventh grammatical case used by some grammarians to define usages of the ablative that do not fit the case's original or usual syntactic role (showing instrumental, locative or even adverbial ablativeness)
   • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, I. iv. 26:

     Quaerat [praeceptor] etiam, sitne apud Graecos vis quaedam sexti casus et apud nos quoque septimi, nam cum dico "hasta percussi", non utor ablativi natura; nec, si idem Graece dicam, dativi.

     The teacher must also inquire if there be traces of a sixth case in Greek and in Latin of a seventh; for when I say "hurt by a spear", I do not make use of the ablative, nor am I using the dative if I do utter the self same sentence in Greek.

   • c. 4th-5th century, Servius, Commentarii in Virgilium Liber V, v.127-128:

     [ […] ; tranquillo silet, immotaque attollitur unda campus, et apricis statio gratissima mergis.] "tranquillo" melius septimus est, quam dativus.

     [ […] ; but when everything stands in perfect tranquillity, high aloft over the calm sea the rock rises and offers solace to the basking sea-loon (diver).] "tranquillo" is better read as declined in the seventh case than as a dative.

Second-declension noun, singular only.

• “septimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “septimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "septimus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• septimus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul