shela
See also: Shela
Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Omani Arabic شيلة (šēla), ultimately from Hindi शाल (śāl) or Persian شال (šâl).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya): (file)
Noun
shela class IX (plural shela class X)
References
- ^ Brook, Zev (2022) “Which Arabic Dialect Are Swahili Words From?”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica[1], volume 10, number 1, page 9 of 1-10: “‘Veil’, Sw shela. From OAr šēla (Jayakar 1889: 662), which is unattested in sources closer to the donor dialect. Ultimately from Persian šāl, but with a vowel change distinct from StAr šāl from the same source.”
Zulu
Etymology
Verb
-shéla
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukushela | ukungasheli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | shela | -shele | ||||
| plural | shelani | -sheleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyashela, ngishela | engishelayo, engishela | ngishela | angisheli | engingasheli | ngingasheli |
| 2nd singular | uyashela, ushela | oshelayo, oshela | ushela | awusheli | ongasheli | ungasheli |
| 1st plural | siyashela, sishela | esishelayo, esishela | sishela | asisheli | esingasheli | singasheli |
| 2nd plural | niyashela, nishela | enishelayo, enishela | nishela | anisheli | eningasheli | ningasheli |
| class 1 | uyashela, ushela | oshelayo, oshela | eshela | akasheli | ongasheli | engasheli |
| class 2 | bayashela, bashela | abashelayo, abashela | beshela | abasheli | abangasheli | bengasheli |
| class 3 | uyashela, ushela | oshelayo, oshela | ushela | awusheli | ongasheli | ungasheli |
| class 4 | iyashela, ishela | eshelayo, eshela | ishela | ayisheli | engasheli | ingasheli |
| class 5 | liyashela, lishela | elishelayo, elishela | lishela | alisheli | elingasheli | lingasheli |
| class 6 | ayashela, ashela | ashelayo, ashela | eshela | awasheli | angasheli | engasheli |
| class 7 | siyashela, sishela | esishelayo, esishela | sishela | asisheli | esingasheli | singasheli |
| class 8 | ziyashela, zishela | ezishelayo, ezishela | zishela | azisheli | ezingasheli | zingasheli |
| class 9 | iyashela, ishela | eshelayo, eshela | ishela | ayisheli | engasheli | ingasheli |
| class 10 | ziyashela, zishela | ezishelayo, ezishela | zishela | azisheli | ezingasheli | zingasheli |
| class 11 | luyashela, lushela | olushelayo, olushela | lushela | alusheli | olungasheli | lungasheli |
| class 14 | buyashela, bushela | obushelayo, obushela | bushela | abusheli | obungasheli | bungasheli |
| class 15 | kuyashela, kushela | okushelayo, okushela | kushela | akusheli | okungasheli | kungasheli |
| class 17 | kuyashela, kushela | okushelayo, okushela | kushela | akusheli | okungasheli | kungasheli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngishelile, ngishelē | engishelile, engishelē | ngishelile, ngishelē | angishelanga | engingashelanga | ngingashelanga |
| 2nd singular | ushelile, ushelē | oshelile, oshelē | ushelile, ushelē | awushelanga | ongashelanga | ungashelanga |
| 1st plural | sishelile, sishelē | esishelile, esishelē | sishelile, sishelē | asishelanga | esingashelanga | singashelanga |
| 2nd plural | nishelile, nishelē | enishelile, enishelē | nishelile, nishelē | anishelanga | eningashelanga | ningashelanga |
| class 1 | ushelile, ushelē | oshelile, oshelē | eshelile, eshelē | akashelanga | ongashelanga | engashelanga |
| class 2 | bashelile, bashelē | abashelile, abashelē | beshelile, beshelē | abashelanga | abangashelanga | bengashelanga |
| class 3 | ushelile, ushelē | oshelile, oshelē | ushelile, ushelē | awushelanga | ongashelanga | ungashelanga |
| class 4 | ishelile, ishelē | eshelile, eshelē | ishelile, ishelē | ayishelanga | engashelanga | ingashelanga |
| class 5 | lishelile, lishelē | elishelile, elishelē | lishelile, lishelē | alishelanga | elingashelanga | lingashelanga |
| class 6 | ashelile, ashelē | ashelile, ashelē | eshelile, eshelē | awashelanga | angashelanga | engashelanga |
| class 7 | sishelile, sishelē | esishelile, esishelē | sishelile, sishelē | asishelanga | esingashelanga | singashelanga |
| class 8 | zishelile, zishelē | ezishelile, ezishelē | zishelile, zishelē | azishelanga | ezingashelanga | zingashelanga |
| class 9 | ishelile, ishelē | eshelile, eshelē | ishelile, ishelē | ayishelanga | engashelanga | ingashelanga |
| class 10 | zishelile, zishelē | ezishelile, ezishelē | zishelile, zishelē | azishelanga | ezingashelanga | zingashelanga |
| class 11 | lushelile, lushelē | olushelile, olushelē | lushelile, lushelē | alushelanga | olungashelanga | lungashelanga |
| class 14 | bushelile, bushelē | obushelile, obushelē | bushelile, bushelē | abushelanga | obungashelanga | bungashelanga |
| class 15 | kushelile, kushelē | okushelile, okushelē | kushelile, kushelē | akushelanga | okungashelanga | kungashelanga |
| class 17 | kushelile, kushelē | okushelile, okushelē | kushelile, kushelē | akushelanga | okungashelanga | kungashelanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāshela | engāshela | ngāshela | angishelanga | engingashelanga | ngingashelanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshela | owāshela | wāshela | awushelanga | ongashelanga | ungashelanga |
| 1st plural | sāshela | esāshela | sāshela | asishelanga | esingashelanga | singashelanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshela | enāshela | nāshela | anishelanga | eningashelanga | ningashelanga |
| class 1 | wāshela | owāshela | āshela | akashelanga | ongashelanga | engashelanga |
| class 2 | bāshela | abāshela | bāshela | abashelanga | abangashelanga | bengashelanga |
| class 3 | wāshela | owāshela | wāshela | awushelanga | ongashelanga | ungashelanga |
| class 4 | yāshela | eyāshela | yāshela | ayishelanga | engashelanga | ingashelanga |
| class 5 | lāshela | elāshela | lāshela | alishelanga | elingashelanga | lingashelanga |
| class 6 | āshela | āshela | āshela | awashelanga | angashelanga | engashelanga |
| class 7 | sāshela | esāshela | sāshela | asishelanga | esingashelanga | singashelanga |
| class 8 | zāshela | ezāshela | zāshela | azishelanga | ezingashelanga | zingashelanga |
| class 9 | yāshela | eyāshela | yāshela | ayishelanga | engashelanga | ingashelanga |
| class 10 | zāshela | ezāshela | zāshela | azishelanga | ezingashelanga | zingashelanga |
| class 11 | lwāshela | olwāshela | lwāshela | alushelanga | olungashelanga | lungashelanga |
| class 14 | bāshela | obāshela | bāshela | abushelanga | obungashelanga | bungashelanga |
| class 15 | kwāshela | okwāshela | kwāshela | akushelanga | okungashelanga | kungashelanga |
| class 17 | kwāshela | okwāshela | kwāshela | akushelanga | okungashelanga | kungashelanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingashela | — | ngingashela | ngingeshele | — | ngingeshele |
| 2nd singular | ungashela | — | ungashela | ungeshele | — | ungeshele |
| 1st plural | singashela | — | singashela | singeshele | — | singeshele |
| 2nd plural | ningashela | — | ningashela | ningeshele | — | ningeshele |
| class 1 | angashela | — | engashela | angeshele | — | engeshele |
| class 2 | bangashela | — | bengashela | bangeshele | — | bengeshele |
| class 3 | ungashela | — | ungashela | ungeshele | — | ungeshele |
| class 4 | ingashela | — | ingashela | ingeshele | — | ingeshele |
| class 5 | lingashela | — | lingashela | lingeshele | — | lingeshele |
| class 6 | angashela | — | engashela | angeshele | — | engeshele |
| class 7 | singashela | — | singashela | singeshele | — | singeshele |
| class 8 | zingashela | — | zingashela | zingeshele | — | zingeshele |
| class 9 | ingashela | — | ingashela | ingeshele | — | ingeshele |
| class 10 | zingashela | — | zingashela | zingeshele | — | zingeshele |
| class 11 | lungashela | — | lungashela | lungeshele | — | lungeshele |
| class 14 | bungashela | — | bungashela | bungeshele | — | bungeshele |
| class 15 | kungashela | — | kungashela | kungeshele | — | kungeshele |
| class 17 | kungashela | — | kungashela | kungeshele | — | kungeshele |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizoshela | engizoshela | ngizoshela | angizushela | engingezushela | ngingezushela |
| 2nd singular | uzoshela | ozoshela | uzoshela | awuzushela | ongezushela | ungezushela |
| 1st plural | sizoshela | esizoshela | sizoshela | asizushela | esingezushela | singezushela |
| 2nd plural | nizoshela | enizoshela | nizoshela | anizushela | eningezushela | ningezushela |
| class 1 | uzoshela | ozoshela | ezoshela | akazushela | ongezushela | engezushela |
| class 2 | bazoshela | abazoshela | bezoshela | abazushela | abangezushela | bengezushela |
| class 3 | uzoshela | ozoshela | uzoshela | awuzushela | ongezushela | ungezushela |
| class 4 | izoshela | ezoshela | izoshela | ayizushela | engezushela | ingezushela |
| class 5 | lizoshela | elizoshela | lizoshela | alizushela | elingezushela | lingezushela |
| class 6 | azoshela | azoshela | ezoshela | awazushela | angezushela | engezushela |
| class 7 | sizoshela | esizoshela | sizoshela | asizushela | esingezushela | singezushela |
| class 8 | zizoshela | ezizoshela | zizoshela | azizushela | ezingezushela | zingezushela |
| class 9 | izoshela | ezoshela | izoshela | ayizushela | engezushela | ingezushela |
| class 10 | zizoshela | ezizoshela | zizoshela | azizushela | ezingezushela | zingezushela |
| class 11 | luzoshela | oluzoshela | luzoshela | aluzushela | olungezushela | lungezushela |
| class 14 | buzoshela | obuzoshela | buzoshela | abuzushela | obungezushela | bungezushela |
| class 15 | kuzoshela | okuzoshela | kuzoshela | akuzushela | okungezushela | kungezushela |
| class 17 | kuzoshela | okuzoshela | kuzoshela | akuzushela | okungezushela | kungezushela |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshela | engiyoshela | ngiyoshela | angiyushela | engingeyushela | ngingeyushela |
| 2nd singular | uyoshela | oyoshela | uyoshela | awuyushela | ongeyushela | ungeyushela |
| 1st plural | siyoshela | esiyoshela | siyoshela | asiyushela | esingeyushela | singeyushela |
| 2nd plural | niyoshela | eniyoshela | niyoshela | aniyushela | eningeyushela | ningeyushela |
| class 1 | uyoshela | oyoshela | eyoshela | akayushela | ongeyushela | engeyushela |
| class 2 | bayoshela | abayoshela | beyoshela | abayushela | abangeyushela | bengeyushela |
| class 3 | uyoshela | oyoshela | uyoshela | awuyushela | ongeyushela | ungeyushela |
| class 4 | iyoshela | eyoshela | iyoshela | ayiyushela | engeyushela | ingeyushela |
| class 5 | liyoshela | eliyoshela | liyoshela | aliyushela | elingeyushela | lingeyushela |
| class 6 | ayoshela | ayoshela | eyoshela | awayushela | angeyushela | engeyushela |
| class 7 | siyoshela | esiyoshela | siyoshela | asiyushela | esingeyushela | singeyushela |
| class 8 | ziyoshela | eziyoshela | ziyoshela | aziyushela | ezingeyushela | zingeyushela |
| class 9 | iyoshela | eyoshela | iyoshela | ayiyushela | engeyushela | ingeyushela |
| class 10 | ziyoshela | eziyoshela | ziyoshela | aziyushela | ezingeyushela | zingeyushela |
| class 11 | luyoshela | oluyoshela | luyoshela | aluyushela | olungeyushela | lungeyushela |
| class 14 | buyoshela | obuyoshela | buyoshela | abuyushela | obungeyushela | bungeyushela |
| class 15 | kuyoshela | okuyoshela | kuyoshela | akuyushela | okungeyushela | kungeyushela |
| class 17 | kuyoshela | okuyoshela | kuyoshela | akuyushela | okungeyushela | kungeyushela |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngishele | ngingasheli | ||||
| 2nd singular | ushele | ungasheli | ||||
| 1st plural | sishele | singasheli | ||||
| 2nd plural | nishele | ningasheli | ||||
| class 1 | ashele | angasheli | ||||
| class 2 | bashele | bangasheli | ||||
| class 3 | ushele | ungasheli | ||||
| class 4 | ishele | ingasheli | ||||
| class 5 | lishele | lingasheli | ||||
| class 6 | ashele | angasheli | ||||
| class 7 | sishele | singasheli | ||||
| class 8 | zishele | zingasheli | ||||
| class 9 | ishele | ingasheli | ||||
| class 10 | zishele | zingasheli | ||||
| class 11 | lushele | lungasheli | ||||
| class 14 | bushele | bungasheli | ||||
| class 15 | kushele | kungasheli | ||||
| class 17 | kushele | kungasheli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngashela | ngangashela, angashela, angangashela | ||||
| 2nd singular | washela | wangashela, awashela, awangashela | ||||
| 1st plural | sashela | sangashela, asashela, asangashela | ||||
| 2nd plural | nashela | nangashela, anashela, anangashela | ||||
| class 1 | washela | wangashela, akashela, akangashela | ||||
| class 2 | bashela | bangashela, abashela, abangashela | ||||
| class 3 | washela | wangashela, awashela, awangashela | ||||
| class 4 | yashela | yangashela, ayashela, ayangashela | ||||
| class 5 | lashela | langashela, alashela, alangashela | ||||
| class 6 | ashela | angashela, awashela, awangashela | ||||
| class 7 | sashela | sangashela, asashela, asangashela | ||||
| class 8 | zashela | zangashela, azashela, azangashela | ||||
| class 9 | yashela | yangashela, ayashela, ayangashela | ||||
| class 10 | zashela | zangashela, azashela, azangashela | ||||
| class 11 | lwashela | lwangashela, alwashela, alwangashela | ||||
| class 14 | bashela | bangashela, abashela, abangashela | ||||
| class 15 | kwashela | kwangashela, akwashela, akwangashela | ||||
| class 17 | kwashela | kwangashela, akwashela, akwangashela | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shela (3.9)”