Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma + -ama.
Pronunciation
Verb
-simama (infinitive kusimama)
- to stand
- to be steady, be still
- to stop
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -simama
|
| Positive present
|
-nasimama
|
| Subjunctive
|
-simame
|
| Negative
|
-simami
|
| Imperative singular
|
simama
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
simama
|
| Plural
|
simameni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
husimama
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lisimama
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kusimama
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasimama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninasimama/nasimama
|
tunasimama
|
| 2nd person
|
unasimama
|
mnasimama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anasimama
|
wanasimama
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nasimama
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -simami)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sisimami
|
hatusimami
|
| 2nd person
|
husimami
|
hamsimami
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hasimami
|
hawasimami
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -simami
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tasimama
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tasimama
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -simame)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nisimame
|
tusimame
|
| 2nd person
|
usimame
|
msimame
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asimame
|
wasimame
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -simame
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sisimame
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngesimama
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singesimama
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalisimama
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalisimama
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asimama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nasimama
|
twasimama
|
| 2nd person
|
wasimama
|
mwasimama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
asimama
|
wasimama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wasimama
|
yasimama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lasimama
|
yasimama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chasimama
|
vyasimama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yasimama
|
zasimama
|
| u(XI)
|
wasimama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwasimama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pasimama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwasimama
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mesimama
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshasimama
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jasimama
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kisimama
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposimama
|
| Consecutive
|
kasimama / positive subject concord + -kasimama
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kasimame
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nisimama
|
-tusimama
|
| 2nd person
|
-kusimama
|
-wasimama/-kusimameni/-wasimameni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-msimama
|
-wasimama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-usimama
|
-isimama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lisimama
|
-yasimama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kisimama
|
-visimama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-isimama
|
-zisimama
|
| u(XI)
|
-usimama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kusimama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pasimama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-musimama
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jisimama
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -simama- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-simamaye
|
-simamao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-simamao
|
-simamayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-simamalo
|
-simamayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-simamacho
|
-simamavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-simamayo
|
-simamazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-simamao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-simamako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-simamapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-simamamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -simama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yesimama
|
-osimama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-osimama
|
-yosimama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-losimama
|
-yosimama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chosimama
|
-vyosimama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yosimama
|
-zosimama
|
| u(XI)
|
-osimama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kosimama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-posimama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mosimama
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms