Egyptian
Etymology
Prefixed with s- (causative prefix).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to travel by boat, to sail
c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE,
The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103:
- jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s
- As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.
- (transitive, by extension) to travel (in general)
Inflection
Conjugation of sqdj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sqd, geminated stem: sqdd
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sqdt, sqdj
|
sqdw, sqd
|
sqdt, sqdwt, sqdyt
|
sqd
|
sqd, sqdy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sqd
|
ḥr sqdt, ḥr sqdj
|
m sqdt, m sqdj
|
r sqdt, r sqdj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sqd.n
|
sqdw, sqd, sqdy
|
consecutive
|
sqd.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sqdt
|
| perfective3
|
sqd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sqd.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sqd, sqdy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sqdw, sqd, sqdy
|
sqdw, sqd, sqdy
|
potentialis1
|
sqd.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sqd, sqdy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sqd.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sqdw1, sqdy, sqd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sqd
|
sqdy, sqd
|
| imperfective
|
sqdd, sqddy, sqddw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sqdd, sqddj6, sqddy6
|
sqdd, sqddw5
|
| prospective
|
sqdw1, sqdy, sqd, sqdtj7
|
—
|
sqdwtj1 4, sqdtj4, sqdt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 330.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 113