sternuo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(p)st(e)rnu- (“to sneeze”), presumably with imitative deformation; the internal *-r- in the Latin word and its presumed cognates makes the word unlikely to be independently formed in all the branches it is found in.[1] Cognate with Welsh trew (“sneeze”), Breton strevial, Ancient Greek πταρμός (ptarmós, “sneeze”), and Armenian փռշտալ (pʻṙštal, “to sneeze”). Also compare other onomatopoeic formations like Polish kichać, Russian чихать (čixatʹ), Lithuanian čiáudėti, and Sanskrit क्षु (kṣu).

Pronunciation

Verb

sternuō (present infinitive sternuere, perfect active sternuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

  1. (intransitive) to sneeze

Conjugation

   Conjugation of sternuō (third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sternuō sternuis sternuit sternuimus sternuitis sternuunt
imperfect sternuēbam sternuēbās sternuēbat sternuēbāmus sternuēbātis sternuēbant
future sternuam sternuēs sternuet sternuēmus sternuētis sternuent
perfect sternuī sternuistī sternuit sternuimus sternuistis sternuērunt,
sternuēre
pluperfect sternueram sternuerās sternuerat sternuerāmus sternuerātis sternuerant
future perfect sternuerō sternueris sternuerit sternuerimus sternueritis sternuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sternuam sternuās sternuat sternuāmus sternuātis sternuant
imperfect sternuerem sternuerēs sternueret sternuerēmus sternuerētis sternuerent
perfect sternuerim sternuerīs sternuerit sternuerīmus sternuerītis sternuerint
pluperfect sternuissem sternuissēs sternuisset sternuissēmus sternuissētis sternuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — sternue — — sternuite —
future — sternuitō sternuitō — sternuitōte sternuuntō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present sternuere — sternuēns —
perfect sternuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sternuendī sternuendō sternuendum sternuendō — —

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sternuō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587

Further reading

  • “sternuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “sternuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sternuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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