Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + zf (“to be(come) mild, merciful”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive, hapax legomenon) to mollify, to soothe, to agree well with
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10:
- (j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k (j)m wjn st kꜣ szft pw
- Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you. Don’t reject it; then it will be something soothing.
Inflection
Conjugation of szf (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: szf
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
szft, szf
|
szfw, szf
|
szft
|
szf
|
szf
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
szf
|
ḥr szf
|
m szf
|
r szf
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
szf.n
|
szfw, szf
|
consecutive
|
szf.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
szft
|
| perfective3
|
szf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
szf.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
szf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
szfw, szf, szfy
|
szfw, szf, szfy
|
potentialis1
|
szf.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
szf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
szf.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
szf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
szf
|
szf, szfw5, szfy5
|
| imperfective
|
szf, szfy, szfw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
szf, szfj6, szfy6
|
szf, szfw5
|
| prospective
|
szf, szftj7
|
—
|
szfwtj1 4, szftj4, szft4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
References
- “szf (lemma ID 143990)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 274.3
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 245