Swahili
Etymology
An applicative form derived from Proto-Bantu *-tánga.
Pronunciation
Verb
-tangulia (infinitive kutangulia)
- to precede
- to take the lead
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tangulia
|
| Positive present
|
-natangulia
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tangulie
|
| Negative
|
-tangulii
|
| Imperative singular
|
tangulia
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tangulia
|
| Plural
|
tangulieni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutangulia
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litangulia
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutangulia
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natangulia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatangulia/natangulia
|
tunatangulia
|
| 2nd person
|
unatangulia
|
mnatangulia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatangulia
|
wanatangulia
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natangulia
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tangulii)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitangulii
|
hatutangulii
|
| 2nd person
|
hutangulii
|
hamtangulii
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatangulii
|
hawatangulii
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tangulii
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatangulia
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatangulia
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tangulie)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitangulie
|
tutangulie
|
| 2nd person
|
utangulie
|
mtangulie
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atangulie
|
watangulie
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tangulie
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitangulie
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetangulia
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetangulia
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitangulia
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitangulia
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atangulia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natangulia
|
twatangulia
|
| 2nd person
|
watangulia
|
mwatangulia
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atangulia
|
watangulia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watangulia
|
yatangulia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latangulia
|
yatangulia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatangulia
|
vyatangulia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatangulia
|
zatangulia
|
| u(XI)
|
watangulia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatangulia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patangulia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatangulia
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metangulia
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatangulia
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatangulia
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitangulia
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotangulia
|
| Consecutive
|
katangulia / positive subject concord + -katangulia
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katangulie
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitangulia
|
-tutangulia
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutangulia
|
-watangulia/-kutangulieni/-watangulieni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtangulia
|
-watangulia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utangulia
|
-itangulia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litangulia
|
-yatangulia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitangulia
|
-vitangulia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itangulia
|
-zitangulia
|
| u(XI)
|
-utangulia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutangulia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patangulia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutangulia
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitangulia
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tangulia- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tanguliaye
|
-tanguliao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tanguliao
|
-tanguliayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tangulialo
|
-tanguliayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tanguliacho
|
-tanguliavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tanguliayo
|
-tanguliazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tanguliao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tanguliako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tanguliapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tanguliamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tangulia)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetangulia
|
-otangulia
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otangulia
|
-yotangulia
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotangulia
|
-yotangulia
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotangulia
|
-vyotangulia
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotangulia
|
-zotangulia
|
| u(XI)
|
-otangulia
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotangulia
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potangulia
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motangulia
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms